Biomaterial Database

Effect of some nucleotides on the regulation of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. 1976

G De Luca, and P Speziale, and S Rindi, and C Balduini, and A A Castellani

The effect of some nucleotides on UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.22) and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) extracted from epiphysial-plate cartilage of newborn pigs was investigated. UDP-xylose acts as a co-operative allosteric inhibitor of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, whereas it does not inhibit UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activity: the inhibition of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase results in an increase of UDP-galactose synthesis, in agreement with the equilibrium constant of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase reaction. Because of the presence of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activity in the enzyme extract, the addition of UDP-galactose induces an increase in reaction rate of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. NADH inhibits both UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activities: in the presence of non-saturating NAD concentrations, NADH acts as a co-operative allosteric inhibitor of both enzymes. The inhibitory effect of NADH seems to be strikingly correlated with the value of NAD/NADH ratio and pH. In any case, the percentage inhibition of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase, under the same experimental conditions, is always higher than that of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009243	NAD	A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)	Coenzyme I,DPN,Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide,Nadide,Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide,Dihydronicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide,NADH,Adenine Dinucleotide, Dihydronicotinamide,Dinucleotide, Dihydronicotinamide Adenine,Dinucleotide, Nicotinamide-Adenine,Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide,Nucleotide, Diphosphopyridine
D002356	Cartilage	A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.	Cartilages
D004838	Epiphyses	The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united.	Epiphysis
D006025	Glycosaminoglycans	Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine (see ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE) or N-acetylgalactosamine (see ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE).	Glycosaminoglycan,Mucopolysaccharides
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000831	Animals, Newborn	Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.	Animals, Neonatal,Animal, Neonatal,Animal, Newborn,Neonatal Animal,Neonatal Animals,Newborn Animal,Newborn Animals
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D014531	Uridine Diphosphate Galactose	A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.	UDP Galactose,UDPGal,Uridine Diphosphogalactose,Uridine Pyrophosphogalactose,Diphosphate Galactose, Uridine,Diphosphogalactose, Uridine,Galactose, UDP,Galactose, Uridine Diphosphate,Pyrophosphogalactose, Uridine
D014532	Uridine Diphosphate Glucose	A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.	UDP Glucose,UDPG,Uridine Diphosphoglucose,Diphosphate Glucose, Uridine,Diphosphoglucose, Uridine,Glucose, UDP,Glucose, Uridine Diphosphate
D014533	Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of UDPglucose to UDPglucuronate in the presence of NAD+. EC 1.1.1.22.	UDP Glucose Dehydrogenase,UDPG Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, UDP Glucose,Dehydrogenase, UDPG,Glucose Dehydrogenase, UDP