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Pathological features of different sizes of nickel oxide following intratracheal instillation in rats. 2009

Akira Ogami, and Yasuo Morimoto, and Toshihiko Myojo, and Takako Oyabu, and Masahiro Murakami, and Motoi Todoroki, and Kenichiro Nishi, and Chikara Kadoya, and Makoto Yamamoto, and Isamu Tanaka
Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. gamisan@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp

Focusing on the "size" impact of particles, the objective of this study was to analyze morphological and qualitative changes over time in the development of inflammation and collagen deposition in lung tissue after intratracheal instillation of two sizes of nickel oxide in rats, in comparison with the results of instillation of crystalline silica and titanium dioxide. The fine-sized nickel oxide sample (nNiOm: median diameter of agglomerated particles 0.8 microm) was prepared from crude particles of nickel oxide (median diameter of primary particle 27 nm) by liquid-phase separation. Another samples of micrometer-sized nickel oxide (NiO: median diameter of particles 4.8 microm), crystalline silica (Min-U-SIL-5; geometric mean diameter 1.6 microm, geometric standard deviation [GSD] 2.0), and TiO(2) (geometric mean diameter 1.5 microm, GSD 1.8) were also used. Well-sonicated samples of 2 mg per 0.4 ml saline or saline alone (control) were intratracheally instilled into Wistar rats (males, 10 wk old). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL)F and lung tissue were examined at 3 days, 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, and 6 mo after instillation, from 5 rats of each group. Histopathological findings showed that the infiltration of macrophages or polymorphonuclear cells and the alveolitis in rats treated with nNiOm were remarkable over time and similar to the effects of crystalline silica. The numbers of total cells in BALF and the percentage of plymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) also increased in the nNiOm group and silica group. The point counting method (PCM) showed a significant increase of inflammatory area, with the peak at 3 mo after instillation in the nNiOm group. In contrast, NiO treatment showed only a slight inflammatory change. Collagen deposition in two regions in the lung tissue (alveolar duct and pleura) showed an increasing collagen deposition rate in nNiOm at 6 mo. Our results suggest that submicrometer nano-nickel oxide is associated with greater toxicity, as for crystalline silica, than micrometer-sized nickel oxide. Biological effects of factors of particle size reduction, when dealing with finer particles such as nanoparticles, were reconfirmed to be important in the evaluation of respirable particle toxicity.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008855 Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. Scanning Electron Microscopy,Electron Scanning Microscopy,Electron Microscopies, Scanning,Electron Microscopy, Scanning,Electron Scanning Microscopies,Microscopies, Electron Scanning,Microscopies, Scanning Electron,Microscopy, Electron Scanning,Microscopy, Scanning Electron,Scanning Electron Microscopies,Scanning Microscopies, Electron,Scanning Microscopy, Electron
D009532 Nickel A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
D010316 Particle Size Relating to the size of solids. Particle Sizes,Size, Particle,Sizes, Particle
D011650 Pulmonary Alveoli Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place. Alveoli, Pulmonary,Alveolus, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Alveolus
D001992 Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung. Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Lavage Fluid,Lung Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Lavage Fluid, Bronchial,Lavage Fluid, Lung,Pulmonary Lavage Fluid,Alveolar Lavage Fluids,Bronchial Lavage Fluids,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids,Lavage Fluid, Alveolar,Lavage Fluid, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluid, Pulmonary,Lavage Fluids, Alveolar,Lavage Fluids, Bronchial,Lavage Fluids, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluids, Lung,Lavage Fluids, Pulmonary,Lung Lavage Fluids,Pulmonary Lavage Fluids
D003094 Collagen A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH). Avicon,Avitene,Collagen Felt,Collagen Fleece,Collagenfleece,Collastat,Dermodress,Microfibril Collagen Hemostat,Pangen,Zyderm,alpha-Collagen,Collagen Hemostat, Microfibril,alpha Collagen
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012822 Silicon Dioxide Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid. Silica,Aerosil,Aerosil 380,Cristobalite,Quso G-32,Quso G32,Tridymite,380, Aerosil,Dioxide, Silicon,G32, Quso,Quso G 32
D017208 Rats, Wistar A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain. Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats

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