The effects of Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ ions on pesticide adsorption and mobility in a tropical soil. 2009

J O Lalah, and S N Njogu, and S O Wandiga
Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya. josephlalah57@yahoo.com

The adsorption behaviour of DDT in a tropical silt-clay soil from Kenya showed that addition of increasing metal ion concentrations from 10 to 100 microg/g of soil, reduced the % DDT adsorption in the soil by factors ranging from 6.1% to 15.4% depending on the type of metal ion. The inhibition of adsorption by metal ions was most observed in the lower ranges of metal ion concentrations in soil, i.e. up to 100 microg/g, beyond which additional increase in metal ion concentration did not result in any further increase in % adsorption. In the standard adsorption test procedure with different soil samples saturated with 100 microg/g of metal ions, the rate of adsorption of the pesticide varied with the type of metal ion and the equilibrium maximum adsorption of DDT was lowered with addition of metal ions, with the % adsorption of 78.4% (control) being reduced to lower values in the range of 67%-77.4%, depending on the type of metal ion. The data for control and samples fitted well into the Freundlich adsorption model and showed that addition of metal ions lowered the K(f) values compared with control. The results suggested that in the natural soil-water environments where there was no disturbance, aggregation of humic substances-pesticide molecule complexes altered the observed lowering of adsorption caused by inhibition by metal ions, and enhanced binding to solid soil phase occurred instead. In the leaching experiments, DDT was found to leach more extensively in soils with lower %OC content and the extent of leaching in soil columns saturated with metal ions at 100 microg/g was found to be inhibited compared with control and depended on the type of metal ion.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007306 Insecticides Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. Insecticide
D007477 Ions An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
D008670 Metals Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Metal
D010575 Pesticides Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc. Pesticide
D003632 Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482) DDD,TDE
D003634 DDT A polychlorinated pesticide that is resistant to destruction by light and oxidation. Its unusual stability has resulted in difficulties in residue removal from water, soil, and foodstuffs. This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed) 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane,4,4'-DDT,4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane,Benzochloryl,Chlorophenothane,TbisC-ethane,p',p'-DDT,4,4' DDT,4,4' Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane,TbisC ethane
D006863 Hydrogen-Ion Concentration The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000077215 Clay A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter. Halloysite,Clays,Halloysites
D000327 Adsorption The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily. Adsorptions
D000538 Aluminum Silicates Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Aluminum Silicate,Silicate, Aluminum,Silicates, Aluminum

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