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Effects of antihypertensive drugs on intracranial hypertension. 1991

S Hirose, and Y Handa, and H Kobayashi, and H Kawano, and J Nozaki, and M Hayashi
Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Medical School.

The effects of antihypertensive drugs, such as nifedipine, chlorpromazine, reserpine and thiopental on mean arterial blood pressure (ABP), mean intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were studied in 43 patients with systemic hypertension and intracranial hypertension due to hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases and other causes. These drugs are commonly used in neurosurgical practice for the treatment of systemic hypertension. Nifedipine, chlorpromazine and reserpine reduced the mean ABP, raised the mean ICP and decreased the CPP. The effects of these drugs on mean ICP and CPP were more pronounced in patients with severely increased ICP (more than 40 mmHg) than in patients with moderately increased ICP (20-40 mmHg). Thiopental reduced both mean ABP and ICP, whereas the CPP was unchanged from the preadministration level. During thiopental administration, however, respiratory depression was observed, and hence, intubation and ventilation were required. We suggest that, in the treatment of systemic hypertension in patients with increased ICP, barbiturates are more desirable than agents with calcium channel or alpha-adrenergic blocking actions, despite the problem of respiratory control.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006973 Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D007427 Intracranial Pressure Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity. Intracerebral Pressure,Subarachnoid Pressure,Intracerebral Pressures,Intracranial Pressures,Pressure, Intracerebral,Pressure, Intracranial,Pressure, Subarachnoid,Pressures, Intracerebral,Pressures, Intracranial,Pressures, Subarachnoid,Subarachnoid Pressures
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009543 Nifedipine A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. Adalat,BAY-a-1040,Bay-1040,Cordipin,Cordipine,Corinfar,Fenigidin,Korinfar,Nifangin,Nifedipine Monohydrochloride,Nifedipine-GTIS,Procardia,Procardia XL,Vascard,BAY a 1040,BAYa1040,Bay 1040,Bay1040,Monohydrochloride, Nifedipine,Nifedipine GTIS
D011559 Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS). Benign Intracranial Hypertension,Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension,Intracranial Hypertension, Benign,Intracranial Hypertension, Idiopathic,Hypertension, Benign Intracranial,Hypertension, Idiopathic Intracranial
D012110 Reserpine An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use. Raunervil,Raupasil,Rausedil,Rausedyl,Serpasil,Serpivite,V-Serp,V Serp
D001794 Blood Pressure PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS. Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D001929 Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) Brain Swelling,Cerebral Edema,Cytotoxic Brain Edema,Intracranial Edema,Vasogenic Cerebral Edema,Cerebral Edema, Cytotoxic,Cerebral Edema, Vasogenic,Cytotoxic Cerebral Edema,Vasogenic Brain Edema,Brain Edema, Cytotoxic,Brain Edema, Vasogenic,Brain Swellings,Cerebral Edemas, Vasogenic,Edema, Brain,Edema, Cerebral,Edema, Cytotoxic Brain,Edema, Cytotoxic Cerebral,Edema, Intracranial,Edema, Vasogenic Brain,Edema, Vasogenic Cerebral,Swelling, Brain
D002543 Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebrum,Brain Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhage,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhages,Cerebral Hemorrhages,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhages,Cerebrum Hemorrhage,Cerebrum Hemorrhages,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhage, Intracerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhages, Cerebrum,Hemorrhages, Intracerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhages,Parenchymal Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Parenchymal Hemorrhages, Cerebral

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