The purpose of this study was to determine the reflex ventilatory effects produced by lung receptors with sympathetic afferent nerves. Seven dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, placed on a ventilator, and vagotomized. The chest was opened through a mid-sternal incision. Diaphragm EMG (D-EMG), right and left triangularis sterni EMG (TS-EMG), systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), and tracheal pressure were recorded before and after the application of 2 M KCl to the right or left lung near the venous hilum. The reflex effects produced by KCl applied to the superior vena cava (SVC) and of mechanical distortion of the lungs were also studied. KCl applied to the right or left lung or right or left lung distortion produced significant increases in peak TS-EMG ipsilateral to the applied stimulus with no significant effects on the contralateral TS-EMG. BP, inspiratory time, expiratory time, or peak D-EMG were not significantly affected, except for a decrease in inspiratory time when KCl was applied to the left lung and a decrease in BP with distortion of the left lung. KCl applied to the SVC produced a significant reflex increase in the right TS-EMG. The primary reflex response to chemical stimulation of lung receptors with sympathetic afferents was an increase in expiratory muscle activity. Additionally, mechanical stimulation may also activate these receptors. Furthermore, receptors which produce similar reflex responses are located on the SVC. That the reflex responses produced by intrathoracic receptors with sympathetic afferents were unilateral suggests that spinal mechanisms are involved.