Focused ultrasound microbubble destruction-mediated changes in blood-brain barrier permeability assessed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. 2009

Feng Wang, and Yuan Cheng, and Jie Mei, and Yu Song, and Yan-qing Yang, and Yingjiang Liu, and Zhibiao Wang
Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Rd, 400010 Yuzhong, Chongqing, China.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the changes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in target and nontarget areas of rabbit brains after BBB disruption induced by focused ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction. METHODS Focused ultrasound (1.1 MHz) in combination with a sulfur hexafluoride microbubble contrast agent was applied at 2 or 3 target locations in 1 hemisphere of 29 rabbit brains to induce BBB disruption. The opposite side was used as a control, and a normal group contained another 14 rabbits that did not undergo sonication. The MRI signal intensity enhancement in the target locations was detected to evaluate gadolinium (Ga) retention after sonication, and extravasation of Evans blue (EB) dye was detected to evaluate the BBB disruption quantitatively at different times after sonication (0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours and 1 week). RESULTS Compared with the control group, Ga retention, changes in EB content, and extravasation in the cerebral cortex of the sonicated group peaked at 2 hours (P < .01) and decreased to the normal level 8 hours after sonication (P < .01). There was no visual evidence of injury or hemorrhage within the brain parenchyma of all of the rabbits' treated hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound can disrupt the BBB reversibly and can allow targeted delivery of some molecules that normally cannot cross the BBB to locations in the brain. Changes in BBB permeability develop within minutes after sonication as a result of a combination of factors. The BBB has a self-repairing characteristic, which is activated after ultrasound sonication. This may offer an improvement in future clinical applications for central nervous system diseases.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008279 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D010539 Permeability Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions. Permeabilities
D011817 Rabbits A burrowing plant-eating mammal with hind limbs that are longer than its fore limbs. It belongs to the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, and in contrast to hares, possesses 22 instead of 24 pairs of chromosomes. Belgian Hare,New Zealand Rabbit,New Zealand Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbit,Rabbit,Rabbit, Domestic,Chinchilla Rabbits,NZW Rabbits,New Zealand White Rabbits,Oryctolagus cuniculus,Chinchilla Rabbit,Domestic Rabbit,Domestic Rabbits,Hare, Belgian,NZW Rabbit,Rabbit, Chinchilla,Rabbit, NZW,Rabbit, New Zealand,Rabbits, Chinchilla,Rabbits, Domestic,Rabbits, NZW,Rabbits, New Zealand,Zealand Rabbit, New,Zealand Rabbits, New,cuniculus, Oryctolagus
D001812 Blood-Brain Barrier Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue. Brain-Blood Barrier,Hemato-Encephalic Barrier,Barrier, Blood-Brain,Barrier, Brain-Blood,Barrier, Hemato-Encephalic,Barriers, Blood-Brain,Barriers, Brain-Blood,Barriers, Hemato-Encephalic,Blood Brain Barrier,Blood-Brain Barriers,Brain Blood Barrier,Brain-Blood Barriers,Hemato Encephalic Barrier,Hemato-Encephalic Barriers
D003287 Contrast Media Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues. Radiopaque Media,Contrast Agent,Contrast Agents,Contrast Material,Contrast Materials,Radiocontrast Agent,Radiocontrast Agents,Radiocontrast Media,Agent, Contrast,Agent, Radiocontrast,Agents, Contrast,Agents, Radiocontrast,Material, Contrast,Materials, Contrast,Media, Contrast,Media, Radiocontrast,Media, Radiopaque
D004337 Drug Carriers Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers. Drug Carrier
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013010 Sonication The application of high intensity ultrasound to liquids. Sonications
D045423 Microbubbles Small encapsulated gas bubbles (diameters of micrometers) that can be used as CONTRAST MEDIA, and in other diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Upon exposure to sufficiently intense ultrasound, microbubbles will cavitate, rupture, disappear, release gas content. Such characteristics of the microbubbles can be used to enhance diagnostic tests, dissolve blood clots, and deliver drugs or genes for therapy. Colloidal Gas Aphrons,Aphron, Colloidal Gas,Aphrons, Colloidal Gas,Colloidal Gas Aphron,Gas Aphron, Colloidal,Gas Aphrons, Colloidal,Microbubble

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