Biomaterial Database

Intra- and extra-cellular excretion of carboxylates. 2010

Stefan Meyer, and Alexis De Angeli, and Alisdair R Fernie, and Enrico Martinoia

Institute of Plant Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, University of Zurich, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland. stmeyer@botinst.uzh.ch <stmeyer@botinst.uzh.ch>

Carboxylates, such as malate and citrate, are widely acknowledged to have a central role in plant metabolism. They are involved in the production of energy and its storage as well as contributing to the cellular osmolyte pool and participating in the regulation of cellular pH. As we discuss here, recent research has demonstrated the functional importance of carboxylate excretion into the soil, apoplast and vacuole, particular with respect to the regulation of stomatal and root function.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010944	Plants	Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae. Plants acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. It is a non-taxonomical term most often referring to LAND PLANTS. In broad sense it includes RHODOPHYTA and GLAUCOPHYTA along with VIRIDIPLANTAE.	Plant
D005110	Extracellular Space	Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.	Intercellular Space,Extracellular Spaces,Intercellular Spaces,Space, Extracellular,Space, Intercellular,Spaces, Extracellular,Spaces, Intercellular
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001692	Biological Transport	The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.	Transport, Biological,Biologic Transport,Transport, Biologic
D042541	Intracellular Space	The area within CELLS.	Subcellular Space,Intracellular Spaces,Space, Intracellular,Space, Subcellular,Spaces, Intracellular,Spaces, Subcellular,Subcellular Spaces
D050260	Carbohydrate Metabolism	Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.	Metabolism, Carbohydrate