Rho GTPases in hematopoiesis and hemopathies. 2010

James C Mulloy, and Jose A Cancelas, and Marie-Dominique Filippi, and Theodosia A Kalfa, and Fukun Guo, and Yi Zheng
Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45229, USA.

Rho family GTPases are intracellular signaling proteins regulating multiple pathways involved in cell actomyosin organization, adhesion, and proliferation. Our knowledge of their cellular functions comes mostly from previous biochemical studies that used mutant overexpression approaches in various clonal cell lines. Recent progress in understanding Rho GTPase functions in blood cell development and regulation by gene targeting of individual Rho GTPases in mice has allowed a genetic understanding of their physiologic roles in hematopoietic progenitors and mature lineages. In particular, mouse gene-targeting studies have provided convincing evidence that individual members of the Rho GTPase family are essential regulators of cell type-specific functions and stimuli-specific pathways in regulating hematopoietic stem cell interaction with bone marrow niche, erythropoiesis, and red blood cell actin dynamics, phagocyte migration and killing, and T- and B-cell maturation. In addition, deregulation of Rho GTPase family members has been associated with multiple human hematologic diseases such as neutrophil dysfunction, leukemia, and Fanconi anemia, raising the possibility that Rho GTPases and downstream signaling pathways are of therapeutic value. In this review we discuss recent genetic studies of Rho GTPases in hematopoiesis and several blood lineages and the implications of Rho GTPase signaling in hematologic malignancies, immune pathology. and anemia.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D006153 Guanosine Diphosphate A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. GDP,Guanosine 5'-Diphosphate,Guanosine 5'-Trihydrogen Diphosphate,5'-Diphosphate, Guanosine,5'-Trihydrogen Diphosphate, Guanosine,Diphosphate, Guanosine,Diphosphate, Guanosine 5'-Trihydrogen,Guanosine 5' Diphosphate,Guanosine 5' Trihydrogen Diphosphate
D006160 Guanosine Triphosphate Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. GTP,Triphosphate, Guanosine
D006402 Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. Blood Diseases,Hematological Diseases,Blood Disease,Disease, Blood,Disease, Hematologic,Disease, Hematological,Diseases, Blood,Diseases, Hematologic,Diseases, Hematological,Hematologic Disease,Hematological Disease
D006410 Hematopoiesis The development and formation of various types of BLOOD CELLS. Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY). Hematopoiesis, Medullary,Haematopoiesis,Medullary Hematopoiesis
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D020662 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors Protein factors that promote the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. GDP Exchange Factors,GDP-GTP Reversing Factors,Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factors,GDP Dissociation Factor,GDP Dissociation Stimulators,GDP-GTP Exchange Protein,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor,Guanine-Nucleotide-Releasing Factor,Exchange Factors, GDP,Factors, GDP Exchange,Factors, GDP-GTP Reversing,GDP GTP Exchange Protein,GDP GTP Reversing Factors,Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factor,Reversing Factors, GDP-GTP
D020690 GTPase-Activating Proteins Proteins that activate the GTPase of specific GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. GAP Proteins,GAP Protein,GTPase-Activating Protein,GTPase Activating Protein,GTPase Activating Proteins
D020741 rho GTP-Binding Proteins A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in regulation of actin organization, gene expression and cell cycle progression. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47. rho G-Proteins,rho GTPase,rho GTPases,rho Small GTP-Binding Proteins,P21 (rho)Protein,rho GTP-Binding Protein,rho Protein P21,G-Proteins, rho,GTP-Binding Protein, rho,GTP-Binding Proteins, rho,GTPase, rho,GTPases, rho,P21, rho Protein,rho G Proteins,rho GTP Binding Protein,rho GTP Binding Proteins,rho Small GTP Binding Proteins

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