Flexibility of motor pattern generation across stimulation conditions by the neonatal rat spinal cord. 2010

David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Previous studies have demonstrated that "locomotor-like" rhythmic patterns can be evoked in the isolated neonatal rat spinal cord by several means, including pharmacological neuromodulation and electrical stimulation of various pathways. Recent studies have used stimulation of afferent pathways to evoke rhythmic patterns, relying on synaptic activation of interneuronal systems rather than global imposition of neuromodulatory state by pharmacological agents. We use the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord with attached hindlimb to examine the muscle activation patterns evoked by stimulation of these different pathways and evaluate whether stimulation of these pathways all evoke the same patterns. We find that the patterns evoked by bath application of serotonin (5-HT) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) consisted of alternation between hip flexors and extensors and similar alternation was observed in the patterns evoked by electrical stimulation of the cauda equina (CE) or contralateral fifth lumbar (L(5)) dorsal nerve root. In contrast, the knee extensor/hip flexor rectus femoris (RF) and knee flexor/hip extensor semitendinosus (ST) were activated differentially across stimulation conditions. In 5-HT/NMDA patterns, RF was active in late flexion and ST in late extension. In CE patterns, these two muscles switched places with RF typically active in late extension and ST active in flexion. In L(5) patterns, ST was activated in extension and RF was silent or weakly active during flexion. There were also systematic differences in the consistency of rhythms evoked by each stimulation method: patterns evoked by electrical stimulation of CE or L(5) were less consistently modulated with the rhythm when compared with 5-HT/NMDA-evoked patterns. All differences were preserved following deafferentation, demonstrating that they reflect intrinsic properties of spinal systems. These results highlight the intrinsic flexibility of motor pattern generation by spinal motor circuitry which is present from birth and provides important information to many studies examining spinal pattern generating networks.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007323 Instinct Stereotyped patterns of response, characteristic of a given species, that have been phylogenetically adapted to a specific type of situation. Fixed Action Pattern,Innate Behavior,Behavior, Innate,Behaviors, Innate,Fixed Action Patterns,Innate Behaviors,Instincts,Pattern, Fixed Action,Patterns, Fixed Action
D008124 Locomotion Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Locomotor Activity,Activities, Locomotor,Activity, Locomotor,Locomotor Activities
D009434 Neural Pathways Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another. Neural Interconnections,Interconnection, Neural,Interconnections, Neural,Neural Interconnection,Neural Pathway,Pathway, Neural,Pathways, Neural
D009475 Neurons, Afferent Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Afferent Neurons,Afferent Neuron,Neuron, Afferent
D002420 Cauda Equina The lower part of the SPINAL CORD consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots. Filum Terminale,Equina, Cauda,Terminale, Filum
D003627 Data Interpretation, Statistical Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study. Data Analysis, Statistical,Data Interpretations, Statistical,Interpretation, Statistical Data,Statistical Data Analysis,Statistical Data Interpretation,Analyses, Statistical Data,Analysis, Statistical Data,Data Analyses, Statistical,Interpretations, Statistical Data,Statistical Data Analyses,Statistical Data Interpretations
D003714 Denervation The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. Laser Neurectomy,Neurectomy,Peripheral Neurectomy,Radiofrequency Neurotomy,Denervations,Laser Neurectomies,Neurectomies,Neurectomies, Laser,Neurectomies, Peripheral,Neurectomy, Laser,Neurectomy, Peripheral,Neurotomies, Radiofrequency,Neurotomy, Radiofrequency,Peripheral Neurectomies,Radiofrequency Neurotomies
D004558 Electric Stimulation Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses. Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D006614 Hindlimb Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73) Hindlimbs
D000465 Algorithms A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. Algorithm

Related Publications

David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
August 2002, Journal of neurophysiology,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
June 1995, Neuroscience letters,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
January 1991, Journal of neurotrauma,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
June 1997, Proceedings. Biological sciences,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
August 1993, Neuroscience letters,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
January 1987, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
January 1983, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
January 1997, Journal of neurophysiology,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
August 2012, Neurosurgery,
David A Klein, and Angelica Patino, and Matthew C Tresch
September 1992, Neuroscience letters,
Copied contents to your clipboard!