Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of iodine-deficiency states among the adult population in the Moscow Central Administrative District in 2001 to 2004 revealed an upward trend in the incidence of the major nosological entities of diffuse and multinodular goiter. The age distribution of iodine-deficiency diseases in the district is characteristic of the whole city. The prevalence of endocrine diseases, among which thyroid pathology is about 60%, among the adolescents of the district is greater than the background values (in Moscow). A questionnaire was used to examine 2 groups of apparently healthy (an organized collective body--Group A) and apparently ill (endocrinological patients--Group B) subjects. Nutrition rating ascertained that both groups insufficiently consumed iodine-containing products. At the same time, under the conditions of iodine deficiency, the relative risk of thyroid disease in Group A is much higher (OR = 11.63) than in Group B (OR = 2.5). In the alternative (high and low morbidity) areas, the data on the sales of iodinated salt sale were analyzed and the buyers were questioned about its domestic use in two large supermarkets. This established that the district's population consumed iodinated salt little and showed a low awareness of its domestic use.