The culture and identity schedule a measure of cultural affiliation: acculturation, marginalization and schizophrenia. 2010

Dinesh Bhugra, and Julian Leff, and Rosemarie Mallett, and Craig Morgan, and Jing-Hua Zhao
Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. dinesh.bhugra@kcl.ac.uk

BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies have shown a high incidence of schizophrenia in African-Caribbeans in the UK, but not in Asians. OBJECTIVE We investigated the hypothesis that cultural adherence might protect the Asians against the stress of living in a majority white culture. METHODS The Culture and Identity Schedule (CANDID) was given to patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia making their first contact with psychiatric services, and to a matched group of controls randomly selected from the general population. RESULTS While the Asian patients displayed no drift away from the traditional values as espoused by their controls, the African-Caribbean patients were less traditional than their controls. CONCLUSIONS The fact that a movement away from their traditional culture distinguishes African-Caribbean patients with a severe psychiatric illness, schizophrenia, from their mentally healthy controls strongly favours marginalization over biculturalism as an interpretation of this shift.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D003469 Culture A collective expression for all behavior patterns acquired and socially transmitted through symbols. Culture includes customs, traditions, and language. Cultural Relativism,Customs,Beliefs,Cultural Background,Background, Cultural,Backgrounds, Cultural,Belief,Cultural Backgrounds,Cultural Relativisms,Cultures,Relativism, Cultural,Relativisms, Cultural
D005163 Factor Analysis, Statistical A set of statistical methods for analyzing the correlations among several variables in order to estimate the number of fundamental dimensions that underlie the observed data and to describe and measure those dimensions. It is used frequently in the development of scoring systems for rating scales and questionnaires. Analysis, Factor,Analysis, Statistical Factor,Factor Analysis,Statistical Factor Analysis,Analyses, Factor,Analyses, Statistical Factor,Factor Analyses,Factor Analyses, Statistical,Statistical Factor Analyses
D005260 Female Females
D006113 United Kingdom Country in northwestern Europe including Great Britain and the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland, located between the North Sea and north Atlantic Ocean. The capital is London. Great Britain,Isle of Man
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000069 Acculturation Process of cultural change in which one group or members of a group assimilate various cultural patterns from another. Assimilation, Cultural,Cultural Assimilation
D001208 Asia The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)
D012559 Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. Dementia Praecox,Schizophrenic Disorders,Disorder, Schizophrenic,Disorders, Schizophrenic,Schizophrenias,Schizophrenic Disorder
D012933 Social Identification The process by which an aspect of self image is developed based on in-group preference or ethnocentrism and a perception of belonging to a social or cultural group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.) Group Identification,Identification, Social,Professional Identification,Professional Identity Formation,Social Identity,Formation, Professional Identity,Formations, Professional Identity,Group Identifications,Identification, Group,Identification, Professional,Identifications, Group,Identifications, Professional,Identifications, Social,Identities, Social,Identity Formation, Professional,Identity Formations, Professional,Identity, Social,Professional Identifications,Professional Identity Formations,Social Identifications,Social Identities

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