Chlorine dioxide as a post-disinfectant for Dutch drinking water. 1991

E Wondergem, and A M van Dijk-Looijaard
National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, Netherlands.

Chlorine dioxide has some important advantages over chlorine with respect to water quality (no formation of trihalomethanes, no impairment of taste and no odor) and stability when used for oxidation/disinfection of drinking water. In this paper, results are presented of experiments into the consumption and reaction kinetics of chlorine dioxide in a number of (drinking) waters in The Netherlands. It was found that chlorine dioxide consumption is related to the dissolved oxygen content (DOC) of the water and the reaction time. Water samples from a plant that applied ozonation and activated carbon filtration had a very low chlorine dioxide consumption. Other water quality parameters, including pH and CO3(2-), did not have any influence on consumption. The temporary advised Dutch guidelines of 0.2 mg l-1 (dosage) is sufficient for activated carbon treated water. For other Dutch drinking waters, however, none of the 0.2 mg l-1 chlorine dioxide remained after a reaction time of 10 min, as was also found for the water of Dutch pumping stations where chlorine dioxide is at present used for disinfection.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009426 Netherlands Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Holland,Kingdom of the Netherlands
D010087 Oxides Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides. Oxide
D002713 Chlorine An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. Chlorine Gas,Chlorine-35,Cl2 Gas,Chlorine 35,Gas, Chlorine,Gas, Cl2
D004202 Disinfectants Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Biocide,Disinfectant,Biocides
D005843 Geography The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed) Factor, Geographic,Factors, Geographic,Geographic Factor,Geographic Factors,Geography, Human,Human Geography
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014881 Water Supply Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed) Supplies, Water,Supply, Water,Water Supplies
D017606 Chlorine Compounds Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule. Chlorine Compounds, Inorganic,Compounds, Chlorine,Compounds, Inorganic Chlorine,Inorganic Chlorine Compounds

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