BACKGROUND Approximately, 50,000 cholecystectomies are performed annually in the United Kingdom resulting in a number of negligence claims referred to the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and outcomes of claims reported to the NHSLA after laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in England between 1995 and 2008. METHODS Data were requested from the NHSLA on all claims related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy which occurred in England between 1995 and 2008. RESULTS A review of the data provided by the NHSLA data identified over 300 claims in this time period. Of the claims identified, 244 have been completed. Common bile duct injury (41%), bile leak (12%), bowel injury (9%), haemorrhage (9%) and fatality (9%) were the most frequent types of claim. Common bile duct injury resulted in the highest proportion of successful claims (86%) and the largest sums paid to the claimant (average £65,000). CONCLUSIONS Common bile duct injury is the most common claim to the NHSLA after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and results in the highest proportion of successful claims and the largest sums paid to the claimant.