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Effect of dexmedetomidine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats. 2012

A Escobar, and B H Pypendop, and K T Siao, and S D Stanley, and J E Ilkiw
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

This study reports the effects of dexmedetomidine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MAC(iso) ) in cats. Six healthy adult female cats were used. MAC(iso) and dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics had previously been determined in each individual. Cats were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. Dexmedetomidine was administered intravenously using target-controlled infusions to maintain plasma concentrations of 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL. MAC(iso) was determined in triplicate at each target plasma dexmedetomidine concentration. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for dexmedetomidine concentration. The following model was fitted to the concentration-effect data: [Formula in text] where MAC(iso.c) is MAC(iso) at plasma dexmedetomidine concentration C, MAC(iso.0) is MAC(iso) in the absence of dexmedetomidine, I(max) is the maximum possible reduction in MAC(iso), and IC(50) is the plasma dexmedetomidine concentration producing 50% of I(max). Mean ± SE MAC(iso.0), determined in a previous study conducted under conditions identical to those in this study, was 2.07 ± 0.04. Weighted mean ± SE I(max), and IC(50) estimated by the model were 1.76 ± 0.07%, and 1.05 ± 0.08 ng/mL, respectively. Dexmedetomidine decreased MAC(iso) in a concentration-dependent manner. The lowest MAC(iso) predicted by the model was 0.38 ± 0.08%, illustrating that dexmedetomidine alone is not expected to result in immobility in response to noxious stimulation in cats at any plasma concentration.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007530 Isoflurane A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.
D011650 Pulmonary Alveoli Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place. Alveoli, Pulmonary,Alveolus, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Alveolus
D002415 Cats The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801) Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004347 Drug Interactions The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. Drug Interaction,Interaction, Drug,Interactions, Drug
D005260 Female Females
D000769 Anesthesia, Inhalation Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract. Insufflation Anesthesia,Anesthesia, Insufflation,Inhalation Anesthesia
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D018685 Anesthetics, Inhalation Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173) Inhalation Anesthetic,Inhalation Anesthetics,Anesthetic Gases,Anesthetic, Inhalation,Gases, Anesthetic
D018712 Analgesics, Non-Narcotic A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS. Non Opioid Analgesic,Non-Opioid Analgesic,Nonopioid Analgesic,Nonopioid Analgesics,Analgesics, Nonnarcotic,Analgesics, Nonopioid,Non-Opioid Analgesics,Analgesic, Non Opioid,Analgesic, Non-Opioid,Analgesic, Nonopioid,Analgesics, Non Narcotic,Analgesics, Non-Opioid,Non Opioid Analgesics,Non-Narcotic Analgesics,Nonnarcotic Analgesics,Opioid Analgesic, Non

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