| D002478 |
Cells, Cultured |
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. |
Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell |
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| D004789 |
Enzyme Activation |
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme. |
Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations |
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| D005419 |
Flavonoids |
A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES. |
2-Phenyl-Benzopyran,2-Phenyl-Chromene,Bioflavonoid,Bioflavonoids,Flavonoid,2-Phenyl-Benzopyrans,2-Phenyl-Chromenes,2 Phenyl Benzopyran,2 Phenyl Benzopyrans,2 Phenyl Chromene,2 Phenyl Chromenes |
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| D006801 |
Humans |
Members of the species Homo sapiens. |
Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man |
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| D000975 |
Antioxidants |
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. |
Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous |
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| D015655 |
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium |
An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide. |
Cyperquat,1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine,1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Chloride,1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Ion,N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine,N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium,1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridine,1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridinium,1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridinium Chloride,1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridinium Ion,N Methyl 4 phenylpyridine |
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| D047428 |
Protein Kinase Inhibitors |
Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES. |
Protein Kinase Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Protein Kinase,Inhibitors, Protein Kinase,Kinase Inhibitor, Protein,Kinase Inhibitors, Protein |
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| D048031 |
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases |
A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. |
jun N-Terminal Kinase,c-jun Amino-Terminal Kinase,c-jun N-Terminal Kinase,jun-NH2-Terminal Kinase,jun-NH2-Terminal Kinases,Amino-Terminal Kinase, c-jun,JNK Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases,Kinase, jun N-Terminal,N-Terminal Kinase, c-jun,N-Terminal Kinase, jun,c jun Amino Terminal Kinase,c jun N Terminal Kinase,jun N Terminal Kinase,jun NH2 Terminal Kinase,jun NH2 Terminal Kinases |
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| D048670 |
MAP Kinase Kinase 4 |
A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and the RETINOID X RECEPTORS. It takes part in a SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway that is activated in response to cellular stress. |
JN Kinase Kinase,JNK Kinase,JNK-Activating Protein Kinase,JNKK1 Protein Kinase,Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase Kinase,MEK4 Protein Kinase,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4,SAP Kinase Kinase 1,SAP Kinase-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase 1,SAPK-ERK Kinase 1,SEK1 Protein Kinase,Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1,JNK Activating Protein Kinase,Jun Amino Terminal Kinase Kinase,Kinase, JNKK1 Protein,Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4,Protein Kinase, JNK-Activating,Protein Kinase, JNKK1,Protein Kinase, MEK4,Protein Kinase, SEK1,SAP Kinase Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase Kinase 1,SAPK ERK Kinase 1,Stress Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1 |
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| D053078 |
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial |
The voltage difference, normally maintained at approximately -180mV, across the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE, by a net movement of positive charge across the membrane. It is a major component of the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE in MITOCHONDRIA used to drive the synthesis of ATP. |
Delta Psi M,DeltaPsi M,DeltapsiM,Mitochondrial Membrane Potential,Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential,M, DeltaPsi,Membrane Potentials, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials,Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potentials,Transmembrane Potential, Mitochondrial,Transmembrane Potentials, Mitochondrial |
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