Biomaterial Database

[Insulin-sensitive cAMP phosphodiesterases]. 1990

Y Fujita-Yamaguchi

Department of Molecular Genetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D008066	Lipolysis	The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.	Lipolyses
D010920	Placenta	A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).	Placentoma, Normal,Placentome,Placentas,Placentomes
D011972	Receptor, Insulin	A cell surface receptor for INSULIN. It comprises a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The receptor contains an intrinsic TYROSINE KINASE domain that is located within the beta subunit. Activation of the receptor by INSULIN results in numerous metabolic changes including increased uptake of GLUCOSE into the liver, muscle, and ADIPOSE TISSUE.	Insulin Receptor,Insulin Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase,Insulin Receptor alpha Subunit,Insulin Receptor beta Subunit,Insulin Receptor alpha Chain,Insulin Receptor beta Chain,Insulin-Dependent Tyrosine Protein Kinase,Receptors, Insulin,Insulin Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase,Insulin Receptors
D004789	Enzyme Activation	Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.	Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015105	3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases	Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.	3',5'-Cyclic AMP 5'-Nucleotidohydrolase,3',5'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase,CAMP Phosphodiesterase,3',5' Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase,3',5'-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase,3',5'-Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase,3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterase,3',5'-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase,3,5-Cyclic AMP 5-Nucleotidohydrolase,3,5-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase,3',5' Cyclic AMP 5' Nucleotidohydrolase,3',5' Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterases,3',5' Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase,3',5' Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase,3,5 Cyclic AMP 5 Nucleotidohydrolase,3,5 Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase,5'-Nucleotidohydrolase, 3',5'-Cyclic AMP,5-Nucleotidohydrolase, 3,5-Cyclic AMP,AMP 5'-Nucleotidohydrolase, 3',5'-Cyclic,AMP 5-Nucleotidohydrolase, 3,5-Cyclic,AMP Phosphodiesterase, 3',5'-Cyclic,AMP Phosphodiesterase, 3,5-Cyclic,Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase, 3',5'-Cyclic,Phosphodiesterase, 3',5'-Cyclic AMP,Phosphodiesterase, 3',5'-Cyclic Nucleotide,Phosphodiesterase, 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP,Phosphodiesterase, 3',5'-Cyclic-Nucleotide,Phosphodiesterase, 3',5'-Nucleotide,Phosphodiesterase, 3,5-Cyclic AMP,Phosphodiesterase, CAMP,Phosphodiesterases, 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP