Increased prevalence of peripheral blood granulysin-producing cytotoxic T lymphocytes in preeclampsia. 2011

Attila Molvarec, and Arihiro Shiozaki, and Mika Ito, and Gergely Toldi, and Balázs Stenczer, and András Szarka, and Akitoshi Nakashima, and Barna Vásárhelyi, and János Rigó, and Shigeru Saito
First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. molvarec@freemail.hu

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe complication of pregnancy characterized by an excessive maternal systemic inflammatory response with activation of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Granulysin is a cytolytic and pro-inflammatory molecule expressed by activated human cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent data show that serum granulysin levels are elevated in preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the proportion of peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells that express intracellular granulysin is altered in PE. Twenty-two preeclamptic patients and 29 healthy pregnant women were involved in this case-control study. Intracellular granulysin expression of lymphocytes was determined with flow cytometric examination. In healthy pregnant women, the majority of NK cells and a small fraction of cytotoxic T cells expressed granulysin in their cytoplasma (median (25-75 percentile): 53.5 (45.6-68.0)% and 13.8 (8.5-23.1)%, respectively). In PE, the percentage of granulysin-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes was markedly increased, while the proportion of granulysin-producing NK cells was unchanged as compared to healthy pregnant women (for cytotoxic T cells: 34.1 (19.3-45.6)%, p<0.001; for NK cells: 57.2 (42.9-74.9)%, p>0.05). Maternal age of healthy pregnant women showed a significant inverse correlation with the frequency of granulysin-expressing NK cells (Spearman R=-0.44, p<0.05), while their BMI correlated positively with the proportions of granulysin-positive cytotoxic T cells and NK cells (Spearman R=0.43, p<0.05 for both). In conclusion, the majority of circulating NK cells but only a small population of cytotoxic T cells shows intracellular granulysin expression in normal pregnancy. In preeclampsia, the proportion of granulysin-producing cytotoxic T cells in the peripheral blood is markedly increased, which might contribute to the development of the pro-inflammatory Th1-type immune responses characteristics of the maternal syndrome of the disease.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007694 Killer Cells, Natural Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type. NK Cells,Natural Killer Cells,Cell, NK,Cell, Natural Killer,Cells, NK,Cells, Natural Killer,Killer Cell, Natural,NK Cell,Natural Killer Cell
D011225 Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. Toxemias, Pregnancy,EPH Complex,EPH Gestosis,EPH Toxemias,Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis,Gestosis, EPH,Hypertension-Edema-Proteinuria Gestosis,Preeclampsia,Preeclampsia Eclampsia 1,Pregnancy Toxemias,Proteinuria-Edema-Hypertension Gestosis,Toxemia Of Pregnancy,1, Preeclampsia Eclampsia,1s, Preeclampsia Eclampsia,EPH Toxemia,Eclampsia 1, Preeclampsia,Eclampsia 1s, Preeclampsia,Edema Proteinuria Hypertension Gestosis,Gestosis, Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension,Gestosis, Hypertension-Edema-Proteinuria,Gestosis, Proteinuria-Edema-Hypertension,Hypertension Edema Proteinuria Gestosis,Of Pregnancies, Toxemia,Of Pregnancy, Toxemia,Pre Eclampsia,Preeclampsia Eclampsia 1s,Pregnancies, Toxemia Of,Pregnancy Toxemia,Pregnancy, Toxemia Of,Proteinuria Edema Hypertension Gestosis,Toxemia Of Pregnancies,Toxemia, EPH,Toxemia, Pregnancy,Toxemias, EPH
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000945 Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function. Antigens, Differentiation, T-Cell,Differentiation Antigens, T-Cell,L3T4 Antigens,Leu Antigens, T-Lymphocyte,T-Cell Differentiation Antigens,T-Lymphocyte Differentiation Antigens,T6 Antigens,Antigens, Differentiation, T Lymphocyte,Differentiation Antigens, T Lymphocyte,Antigens, L3T4,Antigens, T-Cell Differentiation,Antigens, T-Lymphocyte Differentiation,Antigens, T-Lymphocyte Leu,Antigens, T6,Differentiation Antigens, T Cell,Differentiation Antigens, T-Lymphocyte,Leu Antigens, T Lymphocyte,T Cell Differentiation Antigens,T Lymphocyte Differentiation Antigens,T-Lymphocyte Leu Antigens
D013602 T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2. Cell-Mediated Lympholytic Cells,Cytotoxic T Cells,Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte,Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes,TC1 Cell,TC1 Cells,TC2 Cell,TC2 Cells,Cell Mediated Lympholytic Cells,Cell, Cell-Mediated Lympholytic,Cell, TC1,Cell, TC2,Cell-Mediated Lympholytic Cell,Cytotoxic T Cell,Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes,Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte, Cytotoxic T,Lympholytic Cell, Cell-Mediated,Lympholytic Cells, Cell-Mediated,T Cell, Cytotoxic,T Lymphocyte, Cytotoxic,T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic,T-Lymphocyte, Cytotoxic
D018417 Th1 Cells A subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete INTERLEUKIN-2; INTERFERON-GAMMA; and INTERLEUKIN-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. T Helper 1 Cells,TH-1 Cells,Type 1 Helper T Cells,Cell, TH-1,Cell, Th1,Cells, TH-1,Cells, Th1,TH 1 Cells,TH-1 Cell,Th1 Cell
D018655 Lymphocyte Count The number of LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Total Lymphocyte Count,Lymphocyte Number,Lymphocyte Count, Total,Lymphocyte Counts,Lymphocyte Counts, Total,Lymphocyte Numbers,Total Lymphocyte Counts

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