Biomaterial Database

The biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins. 1979

W E Lands

With improved techniques for isolation and identification of materials, thromboxane (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) derivatives are now recognized as more abundant in some tissues and more potent than PGE2 and PGF2alpha. The rapid appearance and disappearance of these autacoids can be regulated at many points along the enzymatic path. Two important features affecting the rate of overall prostaglandin formation are the availability of non-esterified substrate and the availability of hydroperoxide activator for the cyclooxygenase. The fate of the endoperoxide formed by this reaction then depends upon the different relative amounts of the synthases and dehydrogenases in each type of synthesizing cell. Important future developments will indicate ways in which the amounts of these enzyme activities are altered and the ways in which the prostaglandin receptors interact with cellular adenyl cyclase and adrenergic receptors.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D010105	Oxygenases	Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.	Oxygenase
D011452	15-Oxoprostaglandin 13-Reductase	(5Z)-(15S)-11 alpha-Hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate:NAD(P)+ delta(13)-oxidoreductase. An enzyme active in prostaglandin E and F catabolism. It catalyzes the reduction of the double bond at the 13-14 position of the 15-ketoprostaglandins and uses NADPH as cofactor. EC 1.3.1.48.	Prostaglandin delta-13-Reductase,Prostaglandin-13,14-Reductase,15-Ketoprostaglandin delta 13-Reductase,delta 13-15-Ketoprostaglandin Reductase,delta-13-PG-Reductase,13-15-Ketoprostaglandin Reductase, delta,13-Reductase, 15-Ketoprostaglandin delta,13-Reductase, 15-Oxoprostaglandin,15 Ketoprostaglandin delta 13 Reductase,15 Oxoprostaglandin 13 Reductase,Prostaglandin 13,14 Reductase,Prostaglandin delta 13 Reductase,Reductase, delta 13-15-Ketoprostaglandin,delta 13 15 Ketoprostaglandin Reductase,delta 13 PG Reductase,delta 13-Reductase, 15-Ketoprostaglandin,delta-13-Reductase, Prostaglandin
D011453	Prostaglandins	A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.	Prostaglandin,Prostanoid,Prostanoids
D011464	Epoprostenol	A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).	Prostacyclin,Prostaglandin I2,Epoprostanol,Epoprostenol Sodium,Epoprostenol Sodium Salt, (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-Isomer,Flolan,Prostaglandin I(2),Veletri
D005230	Fatty Acids, Nonesterified	FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.	Fatty Acids, Free,Free Fatty Acid,Free Fatty Acids,NEFA,Acid, Free Fatty,Acids, Free Fatty,Acids, Nonesterified Fatty,Fatty Acid, Free,Nonesterified Fatty Acids
D005246	Feedback	A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.	Feedbacks
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D006418	Heme	The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.	Ferroprotoporphyrin,Protoheme,Haem,Heme b,Protoheme IX