Synthesis and anti-HIV activities of suramin conjugates of 3'-fluoro- 2',3'-dideoxythymidine and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine. 2012

Hitesh K Agarwal, and Gustavo F Doncel, and Keykavous Parang
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.

Conjugates between suramin, a polyanionic naphthalene sulfonate derivative, and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) and 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (FLT), were designed to create an antiretroviral with multiple mechanisms of action that could be developed as an anti-HIV topical microbicide candidate. The anti-HIV activity of these conjugates was compared with that of suramin and the corresponding physical mixtures of suramin and nucleosides. The conjugates were synthesized as sulfonate esters by reaction of suramin with the nucleoside analogs in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide, and were tested against X4 and R5 labadapted strains of HIV-1. Suramin conjugates of AZT (EC50= 19.4 μg/ml) and FLT (EC50= 23.6 μg/ml) demonstrated improved anti-HIV activity against X4 strain of virus by 2.5 and 2 fold, respectively, when compared with suramin. The physical mixtures of suramin with nucleosides significantly improved anti-HIV activity of suramin against X4 strain by more than 55 fold.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D013329 Structure-Activity Relationship The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups. Relationship, Structure-Activity,Relationships, Structure-Activity,Structure Activity Relationship,Structure-Activity Relationships
D013498 Suramin A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. Germanin,Moranil,Naganin,Naganol,Naphuride,Suramin Sodium,Suramin, Hexasodium Salt,Suramin, Monosodium Salt,Hexasodium Salt Suramin,Monosodium Salt Suramin,Salt Suramin, Hexasodium,Salt Suramin, Monosodium,Sodium, Suramin
D015215 Zidovudine A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. AZT (Antiviral),Azidothymidine,3'-Azido-2',3'-Dideoxythymidine,3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine,AZT Antiviral,AZT, Antiviral,BW A509U,BWA-509U,Retrovir,3' Azido 2',3' Dideoxythymidine,3' Azido 3' deoxythymidine,Antiviral AZT,BWA 509U,BWA509U
D015224 Dideoxynucleosides Nucleosides that have two hydroxy groups removed from the sugar moiety. The majority of these compounds have broad-spectrum antiretroviral activity due to their action as antimetabolites. The nucleosides are phosphorylated intracellularly to their 5'-triphosphates and act as chain-terminating inhibitors of viral reverse transcription. 2',3'-Dideoxynucleosides,Dideoxyribonucleosides,ddNus,2',3' Dideoxynucleosides
D015394 Molecular Structure The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular
D015497 HIV-1 The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte. Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-I,Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1,Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Human
D019380 Anti-HIV Agents Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. AIDS Drug,AIDS Drugs,Anti-AIDS Agents,Anti-AIDS Drug,Anti-HIV Agent,Anti-HIV Drug,Anti-AIDS Drugs,Anti-HIV Drugs,Agent, Anti-HIV,Agents, Anti-AIDS,Agents, Anti-HIV,Anti AIDS Agents,Anti AIDS Drug,Anti AIDS Drugs,Anti HIV Agent,Anti HIV Agents,Anti HIV Drug,Anti HIV Drugs,Drug, AIDS,Drug, Anti-AIDS,Drug, Anti-HIV,Drugs, AIDS,Drugs, Anti-AIDS,Drugs, Anti-HIV

Related Publications

Hitesh K Agarwal, and Gustavo F Doncel, and Keykavous Parang
January 1999, Nucleosides & nucleotides,
Hitesh K Agarwal, and Gustavo F Doncel, and Keykavous Parang
January 1998, Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques,
Hitesh K Agarwal, and Gustavo F Doncel, and Keykavous Parang
January 1999, Nucleosides & nucleotides,
Hitesh K Agarwal, and Gustavo F Doncel, and Keykavous Parang
April 1999, Journal of medicinal chemistry,
Copied contents to your clipboard!