Biomaterial Database

Thiol-dependent passive K: Cl transport in sheep red blood cells: X. A hydroxylamine-oxidation induced K: Cl flux blocked by diethylpyrocarbonate. 1990

P K Lauf

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45401-0927.

Hydroxylamine, a potent oxidizing agent used to reverse carbethoxylation of histidine by diethylpyrocarbonate, activated Cl-dependent K flux (K: Cl cotransport) of low K sheep red blood cells almost sixfold. When K: Cl cotransport was already stimulated by N-ethylmaleimide, hydroxylamine caused an additional twofold activation suggesting modification of sites different from those thiol alkylated. This conclusion was supported by the finding that hydroxylamine additively augmented also the diamide-induced K: Cl flux (Lauf, P.K. 1988. J. Membrane Biol. 101: 179-188) with dithiothreitol fully reversing the diamide but not the hydroxylamine effect. Stimulation of K: Cl cotransport by hydroxylamine was completely inhibited by treatment with diethylpyrocarbonate also known to prevent K: Cl cotransport stimulation by N-ethylmaleimide, both effects being independent of the order of addition. Hence, although the effect of carbethoxy modification of K: Cl flux cannot be reversed by hydroxylamine and thus excludes histidine as the target for diethylpyrocarbonate, our finding reveals an important chemical determinant of K: Cl cotransport stimulation by both hydroxylamine oxidation and thiol group alkylation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D010084	Oxidation-Reduction	A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).	Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D011188	Potassium	An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
D002352	Carrier Proteins	Proteins that bind or transport specific substances in the blood, within the cell, or across cell membranes.	Binding Proteins,Carrier Protein,Transport Protein,Transport Proteins,Binding Protein,Protein, Carrier,Proteins, Carrier
D002712	Chlorides	Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.	Chloride,Chloride Ion Level,Ion Level, Chloride,Level, Chloride Ion
D004047	Diethyl Pyrocarbonate	Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.	Diethyl Dicarbonate,Diethyl Oxydiformate,Pyrocarbonic Acid Diethyl Ester,Diethylpyrocarbonate,Ethoxyformic Anhydride,Anhydride, Ethoxyformic,Dicarbonate, Diethyl,Oxydiformate, Diethyl,Pyrocarbonate, Diethyl
D004912	Erythrocytes	Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.	Blood Cells, Red,Blood Corpuscles, Red,Red Blood Cells,Red Blood Corpuscles,Blood Cell, Red,Blood Corpuscle, Red,Erythrocyte,Red Blood Cell,Red Blood Corpuscle
D006898	Hydroxylamines	Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.
D000096922	K Cl- Cotransporters	A subclass of symporters that specifically transport POTASSIUM and CHLORIDE ions across cellular membranes. Potassium chloride cotransporters play roles in regulating cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration.	Electroneutral Potassium-Chloride Co-transporter 3,Electroneutral Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 3,K Cl- Co-transporters,K(+), Cl(-)-Co-transporters,K(+), Cl(-)-Cotransporters,K-Cl Co-transporter,K-Cl Co-transporter 3,K-Cl Cotransporter,K-Cl Cotransporter 3,KCC2 Co-transporter,KCC2 Cotransporter,KCC3 Co-transporter,KCC3 Cotransporter,KCC4 Co-transporter,KCC4 Cotransporter,Potassium-Chloride Co-transporter 2,Potassium-Chloride Co-transporter 4,Potassium-Chloride Co-transporters,Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 2,Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 4,Potassium-Chloride Cotransporters,Potassium-Chloride Symporters,SLC12A5 Protein,SLC12A6 Protein,SLC12A7 Protein,Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 5,Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 6,Solute carrier family 12 member 7,Cl- Co-transporters, K,Co-transporter 2, Potassium-Chloride,Co-transporter 3, K-Cl,Co-transporter 4, Potassium-Chloride,Co-transporter, K-Cl,Co-transporter, KCC2,Co-transporter, KCC3,Co-transporter, KCC4,Co-transporters, K Cl-,Co-transporters, Potassium-Chloride,Cotransporter, K-Cl,Cotransporter, KCC2,Cotransporter, KCC3,Cotransporter, KCC4,Cotransporters, K Cl-,Cotransporters, Potassium-Chloride,Electroneutral Potassium Chloride Co transporter 3,Electroneutral Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 3,K Cl Co transporter,K Cl Co transporter 3,K Cl Co transporters,K Cl Cotransporter,K Cl Cotransporter 3,K Cl Cotransporters,KCC2 Co transporter,KCC3 Co transporter,KCC4 Co transporter,Potassium Chloride Co transporter 2,Potassium Chloride Co transporter 4,Potassium Chloride Co transporters,Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 2,Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 4,Potassium Chloride Cotransporters,Potassium Chloride Symporters,Protein, SLC12A5,Protein, SLC12A6,Protein, SLC12A7
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia