Quantitative measurement of invadopodia-mediated extracellular matrix proteolysis in single and multicellular contexts. 2012

Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, USA.

Cellular invasion into local tissues is a process important in development and homeostasis. Malregulated invasion and subsequent cell movement is characteristic of multiple pathological processes, including inflammation, cardiovascular disease and tumor cell metastasis. Focalized proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the epithelial or endothelial basement membrane is a critical step in initiating cellular invasion. In tumor cells, extensive in vitro analysis has determined that ECM degradation is accomplished by ventral actin-rich membrane protrusive structures termed invadopodia. Invadopodia form in close apposition to the ECM, where they moderate ECM breakdown through the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The ability of tumor cells to form invadopodia directly correlates with the ability to invade into local stroma and associated vascular components. Visualization of invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation of cells by fluorescent microscopy using dye-labeled matrix proteins coated onto glass coverslips has emerged as the most prevalent technique for evaluating the degree of matrix proteolysis and cellular invasive potential. Here we describe a version of the standard method for generating fluorescently-labeled glass coverslips utilizing a commercially available Oregon Green-488 gelatin conjugate. This method is easily scaled to rapidly produce large numbers of coated coverslips. We show some of the common microscopic artifacts that are often encountered during this procedure and how these can be avoided. Finally, we describe standardized methods using readily available computer software to allow quantification of labeled gelatin matrix degradation mediated by individual cells and by entire cellular populations. The described procedures provide the ability to accurately and reproducibly monitor invadopodia activity, and can also serve as a platform for evaluating the efficacy of modulating protein expression or testing of anti-invasive compounds on extracellular matrix degradation in single and multicellular settings.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008856 Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye. Fluorescence Microscopy,Immunofluorescence Microscopy,Microscopy, Immunofluorescence,Fluorescence Microscopies,Immunofluorescence Microscopies,Microscopies, Fluorescence,Microscopies, Immunofluorescence
D002264 Carboxylic Acids Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. Carboxylic Acid,Acid, Carboxylic,Acids, Carboxylic
D005109 Extracellular Matrix A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. Matrix, Extracellular,Extracellular Matrices,Matrices, Extracellular
D016326 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ). Extracellular Matrix Protein,Matrix Protein, Extracellular,Matrix Proteins, Extracellular,Protein, Extracellular Matrix,Proteins, Extracellular Matrix
D059748 Proteolysis Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational. Protein Degradation,Protein Digestion,Degradation, Protein,Degradations, Protein,Digestion, Protein,Digestions, Protein,Protein Degradations,Protein Digestions,Proteolyses
D020782 Matrix Metalloproteinases A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components. MMP,MMPs,Matrix Metalloproteinase,Metalloproteinase, Matrix,Metalloproteinases, Matrix
D022081 Cell Surface Extensions Specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surface. Cell Membrane Extensions,Cell Membrane Projections,Cell Membrane Protrusions,Cell Surface Projections,Cell Surface Protrusions,Cellular Protrusions,Cell Membrane Extension,Cell Membrane Projection,Cell Membrane Protrusion,Cell Surface Extension,Cell Surface Projection,Cell Surface Protrusion,Cellular Protrusion,Extension, Cell Membrane,Extension, Cell Surface,Extensions, Cell Membrane,Extensions, Cell Surface,Membrane Extension, Cell,Membrane Extensions, Cell,Membrane Projection, Cell,Membrane Projections, Cell,Membrane Protrusion, Cell,Membrane Protrusions, Cell,Projection, Cell Membrane,Projection, Cell Surface,Projections, Cell Membrane,Projections, Cell Surface,Protrusion, Cell Membrane,Protrusion, Cell Surface,Protrusion, Cellular,Protrusions, Cell Membrane,Protrusions, Cell Surface,Protrusions, Cellular,Surface Extension, Cell,Surface Extensions, Cell,Surface Projection, Cell,Surface Projections, Cell,Surface Protrusion, Cell,Surface Protrusions, Cell

Related Publications

Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
August 1998, Clinical & experimental metastasis,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
February 1994, Journal of cellular physiology,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
January 2001, Methods in cell biology,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
September 2008, Current biology : CB,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
September 2020, European journal of cell biology,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
March 2007, Trends in cell biology,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
February 2021, Cells,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
May 2014, Acta biomaterialia,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
March 2013, European journal of cell biology,
Karen H Martin, and Karen E Hayes, and Elyse L Walk, and Amanda Gatesman Ammer, and Steven M Markwell, and Scott A Weed
January 1996, Enzyme & protein,
Copied contents to your clipboard!