We have used immunolymphoscintigraphy (ILS) alone or in combination with immunoscintigraphy with 131I-labeled F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal OC 125 antibodies to improve detection of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. ILS was carried out with bilateral dorsopedal s.c. injections on nine patients and with bilateral iliopelvic injections into the ischiorectal fossa on two other patients. Radioimaging was performed 2-4 times between 0 and 5 days. An additional dose of labeled antibody fragments was given i.v., and imaging was done 2-3 days later. Conventional immunoscintigraphy without preceding ILS was carried out on another nine patients. Dorsopedal ILS improved detection of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastases. Malignant lymph nodes were detectable as early as 3 h after s.c. injection of the tracer. Combined results of ILS and immunoscintigraphy in 16 surgically verified cases indicated a true positive finding in 9 patients, true negative finding in 5, false positive in one, and false negative in 1. Calculated from these figures the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the method were 90, 83, and 88%, respectively. Involved lymph nodes were found more frequently in those patients whose serum CA 125 concentration was elevated demonstrating that an elevated serum CA 125 level does not preclude successful radioimmunodetection.