Biomaterial Database

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and antiviral drug resistance. Part 1. 2013

Kalyan Das, and Eddy Arnold

Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine (CABM), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) contributes to the development of resistance to all anti-AIDS drugs by introducing mutations into the viral genome. At the molecular level, mutations in RT result in resistance to RT inhibitors. Eight nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NRTIs) and five non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTIs) are approved HIV-1 drugs. Structures of RT have been determined in complexes with substrates and/or inhibitors, and the structures have illuminated different conformational and functional states of the enzyme. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs, and their complex relationships, may help in designing new drugs that are periodically required to overcome existing as well as emerging trends of drug resistance.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008958	Models, Molecular	Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.	Molecular Models,Model, Molecular,Molecular Model
D011487	Protein Conformation	The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).	Conformation, Protein,Conformations, Protein,Protein Conformations
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015497	HIV-1	The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.	Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-I,Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1,Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Human
D015658	HIV Infections	Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,HIV Coinfection,Coinfection, HIV,Coinfections, HIV,HIV Coinfections,HIV Infection,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human
D054303	HIV Reverse Transcriptase	A reverse transcriptase encoded by the POL GENE of HIV. It is a heterodimer of 66 kDa and 51 kDa subunits that are derived from a common precursor protein. The heterodimer also includes an RNAse H activity (RIBONUCLEASE H, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS) that plays an essential role the viral replication process.	Reverse Transcriptase, HIV,Reverse Transcriptase, Human Immunodeficiency Virus,Transcriptase, HIV Reverse
D018894	Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors	Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.	Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor,Inhibitors, Reverse Transcriptase,Inhibitor, Reverse Transcriptase,Transcriptase Inhibitor, Reverse
D019380	Anti-HIV Agents	Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.	AIDS Drug,AIDS Drugs,Anti-AIDS Agents,Anti-AIDS Drug,Anti-HIV Agent,Anti-HIV Drug,Anti-AIDS Drugs,Anti-HIV Drugs,Agent, Anti-HIV,Agents, Anti-AIDS,Agents, Anti-HIV,Anti AIDS Agents,Anti AIDS Drug,Anti AIDS Drugs,Anti HIV Agent,Anti HIV Agents,Anti HIV Drug,Anti HIV Drugs,Drug, AIDS,Drug, Anti-AIDS,Drug, Anti-HIV,Drugs, AIDS,Drugs, Anti-AIDS,Drugs, Anti-HIV
D020125	Mutation, Missense	A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)	Missense Mutation,Missense Mutations,Mutations, Missense
D024882	Drug Resistance, Viral	The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.	Antiviral Drug Resistance,Antiviral Drug Resistances,Drug Resistances, Viral