Biomaterial Database

Measurement of DNA breakage in specific germ-cell stages of male mice exposed to acrylamide, using an alkaline-elution procedure. 1990

G A Sega, and E E Generoso

Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831-8077.

DNA breakage in spermiogenic stages of the mouse was studied after exposure to acrylamide (AA), using an alkaline-elution technique. At daily intervals over a 3-week period following i.p. injection of 100 mg AA/kg, mature spermatozoa were recovered from treated ([3H]dThd-labeled) and control ([14C]dThd-labeled) animals, and were lysed together on polycarbonate filters; the DNA was eluted with a high-pH (12.0) buffer. Elution of germ-cell DNA from AA-exposed animals increased (more DNA-strand breaks) in stages sensitive to the dominant-lethal effects of AA (late spermatids to early spermatozoa) (Shelby et al., 1986). The stage-related pattern of AA-induced DNA breakage also paralleled the pattern of sperm alkylation and protamine alkylation found to be produced by AA (Sega et al., 1989). While dominant-lethal damage from AA exposure is greatest in the spermatids and early spermatozoa, no such damage was observed in pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids (Shelby et al., 1986). Therefore, AA-induced DNA breakage was also studied directly in pachytene spermatocytes and in early spermatids at short intervals (up to 4 days) after exposure. DNA breakage was clearly detected in these cell stages, with maximum breakage occurring at 1 day after treatment. At later times, the breakage gradually decreased, presumably as a result of DNA repair. By the time these cell stages gave rise to functional spermatozoa, DNA breaks that could have produced dominant-lethal events had apparently been reduced to a level where no genetic effect could be observed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008809	Mice, Inbred C3H	An inbred strain of mouse that is used as a general purpose strain in a wide variety of RESEARCH areas including CANCER; INFECTIOUS DISEASES; sensorineural, and cardiovascular biology research.	Mice, C3H,Mouse, C3H,Mouse, Inbred C3H,C3H Mice,C3H Mice, Inbred,C3H Mouse,C3H Mouse, Inbred,Inbred C3H Mice,Inbred C3H Mouse
D008810	Mice, Inbred C57BL	One of the first INBRED MOUSE STRAINS to be sequenced. This strain is commonly used as genetic background for transgenic mouse models. Refractory to many tumors, this strain is also preferred model for studying role of genetic variations in development of diseases.	Mice, C57BL,Mouse, C57BL,Mouse, Inbred C57BL,C57BL Mice,C57BL Mice, Inbred,C57BL Mouse,C57BL Mouse, Inbred,Inbred C57BL Mice,Inbred C57BL Mouse
D008851	Micropore Filters	A membrane or barrier with micrometer sized pores used for separation purification processes.	Millipore Filters,Filter, Micropore,Filter, Millipore,Filters, Micropore,Filters, Millipore,Micropore Filter,Millipore Filter
D004249	DNA Damage	Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.	DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D004277	DNA, Single-Stranded	A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.	Single-Stranded DNA,DNA, Single Stranded,Single Stranded DNA
D006863	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH	pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000178	Acrylamides	Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013091	Spermatogenesis	The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.	Spermatocytogenesis,Spermiogenesis