Biomaterial Database

Molecular triggers of neuroinflammation in mouse models of demyelinating diseases. 2013

Benoit Barrette, and Klaus-Armin Nave, and Julia M Edgar

Myelinating cells wrap axons with multi-layered myelin sheaths for rapid impulse propagation. Dysfunctions of oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells are often associated with neuroinflammation, as observed in animal models of leukodystrophies and peripheral neuropathies, respectively. The neuroinflammatory response modulates the pathological changes, including demyelination and axonal injury, but also remyelination and repair. Here we discuss different immune mechanisms as well as factors released or exposed by myelinating glia in disease conditions. The spectrum of inflammatory mediators varies with different myelin disorders and has a major impact on the beneficial or detrimental role of immune cells in keeping nervous system integrity.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007249	Inflammation	A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D007966	Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic	An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.	Arylsulfatase A Deficiency Disease,Cerebroside Sulphatase Deficiency Disease,ARSA Deficiency,Arylsulfatase A Deficiency,Cerebral sclerosis, Diffuse, Metachromatic Form,Cerebroside Sulfatase Deficiency,Greenfield Disease,Greenfield's Disease,Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic, Adult,Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic, Juvenile,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Adult,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Adult-Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Infant,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Infant-Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Juvenile,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Juvenile-Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Late Infantile,Metachromatic Leukoencephalopathy,Sulfatide Lipidosis,ARSA Deficiencies,Adult Metachromatic Leukodystrophies,Adult Metachromatic Leukodystrophy,Adult-Type Metachromatic Leukodystrophies,Adult-Type Metachromatic Leukodystrophy,Arylsulfatase A Deficiencies,Cerebroside Sulfatase Deficiencies,Deficiencies, ARSA,Deficiencies, Arylsulfatase A,Deficiencies, Cerebroside Sulfatase,Deficiency, ARSA,Deficiency, Arylsulfatase A,Deficiency, Cerebroside Sulfatase,Infant Metachromatic Leukodystrophies,Infant Metachromatic Leukodystrophy,Infant-Type Metachromatic Leukodystrophies,Infant-Type Metachromatic Leukodystrophy,Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophies,Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy,Juvenile-Type Metachromatic Leukodystrophies,Juvenile-Type Metachromatic Leukodystrophy,Leukodystrophies, Adult Metachromatic,Leukodystrophies, Adult-Type Metachromatic,Leukodystrophies, Juvenile Metachromatic,Leukodystrophies, Juvenile-Type Metachromatic,Leukodystrophies, Metachromatic,Leukodystrophy, Adult Metachromatic,Leukodystrophy, Adult-Type Metachromatic,Leukodystrophy, Juvenile Metachromatic,Leukodystrophy, Juvenile-Type Metachromatic,Leukoencephalopathies, Metachromatic,Leukoencephalopathy, Metachromatic,Lipidosis, Sulfatide,Metachromatic Leukodystrophies,Metachromatic Leukodystrophies, Adult,Metachromatic Leukodystrophies, Adult-Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophies, Infant,Metachromatic Leukodystrophies, Infant-Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophies, Juvenile,Metachromatic Leukodystrophies, Juvenile-Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Adult Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Infant Type,Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Juvenile Type,Metachromatic Leukoencephalopathies,Sulfatase Deficiencies, Cerebroside,Sulfatase Deficiency, Cerebroside
D009186	Myelin Sheath	The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.	Myelin,Myelin Sheaths,Sheath, Myelin,Sheaths, Myelin
D009474	Neurons	The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D009836	Oligodendroglia	A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.	Interfascicular Oligodendroglia,Oligodendrocytes,Perineuronal Oligodendroglia,Perineuronal Satellite Oligodendroglia Cells,Perivascular Oligodendroglia,Satellite Cells, Perineuronal, Oligodendroglia,Perineuronal Satellite Oligodendrocytes,Interfascicular Oligodendroglias,Oligodendrocyte,Oligodendrocyte, Perineuronal Satellite,Oligodendrocytes, Perineuronal Satellite,Oligodendroglia, Interfascicular,Oligodendroglia, Perineuronal,Oligodendroglia, Perivascular,Perineuronal Satellite Oligodendrocyte,Satellite Oligodendrocyte, Perineuronal,Satellite Oligodendrocytes, Perineuronal
D002607	Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease	A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)	Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal,HMSN Type I,HMSN Type II,Hereditary Motor and Sensory-Neuropathy Type II,Hereditary Motor, and Sensory Neuropathy Type I,Muscular Atrophy, Peroneal,Peroneal Muscular Atrophy,Roussy-Levy Syndrome,Charcot-Marie Disease,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Autosomal Dominant, With Focally Folded Myelin Sheaths, Type 1A,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Autosomal Dominant, with Focally Folded Myelin Sheaths, Type 1B,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 1A,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 1B,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Slow Nerve Conduction Type, Linked To Duffy,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 1A,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 1B,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type I,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type IA,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type IB,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type II,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Hereditary Neuropathy,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy, Type 1A,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy, Type 1B,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome,HMN Distal Type I,HMSN 1A,HMSN 1B,HMSN I,HMSN IA,HMSN IB,HMSN II,HMSN1A,HMSN1B,Hereditary Areflexic Dystasia,Hereditary Motor And Sensory Neuropathy IB,Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy 1A,Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy 1B,Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy IA,Hereditary Type I Motor and Sensory Neuropathy,Neuropathy, Type I Hereditary Motor and Sensory,Neuropathy, Type II Hereditary Motor and Sensory,Roussy Levy Hereditary Areflexic Dystasia,Roussy-Levy Disease,Roussy-Levy Hereditary Areflexic Dystasia,Areflexic Dystasia, Hereditary,Areflexic Dystasias, Hereditary,Atrophies, Peroneal Muscular,Atrophy, Peroneal Muscular,Charcot Marie Disease,Charcot Marie Tooth Disease,Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Type 1A,Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Type 1B,Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Type I,Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Type IA,Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Type IB,Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Type II,Charcot Marie Tooth Hereditary Neuropathy,Charcot Marie Tooth Neuropathy, Type 1A,Charcot Marie Tooth Neuropathy, Type 1B,Charcot Marie Tooth Syndrome,Dystasia, Hereditary Areflexic,Dystasias, Hereditary Areflexic,Hereditary Areflexic Dystasias,Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy Type II,Hereditary Neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth,Muscular Atrophies, Peroneal,Peroneal Muscular Atrophies,Roussy Levy Disease,Roussy Levy Syndrome,Syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth,Syndrome, Roussy-Levy
D003711	Demyelinating Diseases	Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome,Clinically Isolated Syndrome, CNS Demyelinating,Demyelinating Disorders,Demyelination,Demyelinating Disease,Demyelinating Disorder,Demyelinations
D004195	Disease Models, Animal	Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus