From January 1978 to April 1983, 53 patients were treated with cisplatin-vinblastine-bleomycin chemotherapy because of advanced nonseminomatous testicular tumor (NSTT). After the chemotherapy, the serum tumor markers were back to normal in 41 patients, of whom 35 were eligible for surgical removal of the residual tumor. In four patients, vital tumor tissue was found in the residual tumor. Salvage chemotherapy resulted in complete remission. Residual mature teratoma was encountered after the chemotherapy in 15 of the 25 patients with a teratomatous component and in one of the ten patients without a teratomatous component in the primary tumor. On completion of the study, 38 of the 53 patients (72%) are still alive, with a median follow-up of 65 months. Subdivided by tumor volume, survival is found to amount to 92% for small-volume disease, 67% for large-volume disease, and 64% for very-large-volume disease. Six patients (11%) developed a recurrence in the course of the follow-up. Exploratory laparotomy after remission induction chemotherapy is necessary in all patients with a teratomatous component in the primary testicular tumor who have become tumor marker negative, irrespective of the roentgenographic findings of the retroperitoneum. Patients without a teratomatous component in the primary tumor should have exploratory laparotomy only in case of roentgenographic evidence of retroperitoneal residual tumor. A thoracotomy is needed only in the presence of roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary residual lesions.