The mucosal pellicle is defined as the protein film adsorbed onto oral mucosa. This study aimed at characterizing the ultrastructure of human epithelial buccal cells and localizing salivary mucins MUC5B, a major constituent of the mucosal pellicle. Cells were sampled from the buccal surface and prepared for Transmission Electron Microscopy using high-pressure freezing/cryosubstitution followed by immunogold labelling of MUC5B. Morphologically, cells were visualized as typical cells of the superficial layer of a squamous nonkeratinized epithelium with a partly degraded plasma membrane. The outer surface of the plasma membrane was lined with a biological material of medium electron density. MUC5B were detected in the extracellular space, and particularly in the vicinity of the plasma membrane, sometimes onto fibrils protruding from the membrane. This area was, therefore, considered as constituting the mucosal pellicle, which appeared as a mixed film of both salivary and epithelial components. The distribution of gold particles suggested that the surface of the pellicle was not uniform, and that the film thickness could reach up to 100 nm. This work showed the feasibility of visualizing and characterizing the mucosal pellicle directly on human epithelial buccal cells sampled in a noninvasive manner.