Repeated exposure to pain under the influence of the opiate antagonists naloxone and naltrexone leads to the recruitment of substantial analgesia as measured by paw-lick latency on the hot-plate test (4,11). One hypothesis to explain this naloxone-induced analgesia (NIA) is that nociceptive stimulation in the face of opiate blockade becomes stressful enough to activate an analgesic adaptation that otherwise would not occur. This hypothesis was examined in two experiments by the administration of a benzodiazepine antagonist with anxiogenic properties (Ro 15-1788, in a dose of 10 mg/kg) in conjunction with repeated administrations of naloxone (5 mg/kg). One experiment incorporated defecation as a relatively direct measure of stress. Ro 15-1788 reliably augmented NIA. Defecation was increased by naloxone alone and in combination with Ro 15-1788. Overall, the results were most consistent with the hypothesis that NIA is a form of stress-induced analgesia that is at least partly nonopiate in nature.