Modulation of thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets during experimental rhinovirus colds. 1989

J Hsia, and M B Sztein, and P H Naylor, and G L Simon, and A L Goldstein, and F G Hayden
Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.

Cellular immune response to localized upper respiratory viral infection was studied in two groups of healthy volunteers infected with an unnumbered rhinovirus serotype (Hanks). In the first group of 18 volunteers, serum levels of thymosin alpha 1 rose on day 5 following rhinovirus challenge. This observation was confirmed in a second group of 20 normal volunteers inoculated with the same rhinovirus strain; there was a slight increase in thymosin alpha 1 levels on day 3 and a significant rise on day 5 (p less than .001). There was also a significant rise in serum thymosin beta 4 levels on day 5 (p less than .001). Serum cortisol rose in parallel with thymosin alpha 1 on day 5 after rhinovirus inoculation, but there was no direct relationship between individual changes in cortisol and thymosin alpha 1 levels. Enumeration of peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations during rhinovirus infection revealed a significant increase in total lymphocytes on day 5 (p less than .01), but not on day 3. The rise in total lymphocyte count was attributable to an increase in T lymphocytes (CD3+) (p less than .05), cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8+) cells (p less than .01) and natural killer (CD16+ cells) (p less than .05). This is the first report of thymic hormone modulation by a virus, and suggests that local rhinovirus infection of the upper respiratory tract has systemic effects and induces cellular immune responses.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007958 Leukocyte Count The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells. Blood Cell Count, White,Differential Leukocyte Count,Leukocyte Count, Differential,Leukocyte Number,White Blood Cell Count,Count, Differential Leukocyte,Count, Leukocyte,Counts, Differential Leukocyte,Counts, Leukocyte,Differential Leukocyte Counts,Leukocyte Counts,Leukocyte Counts, Differential,Leukocyte Numbers,Number, Leukocyte,Numbers, Leukocyte
D007963 Leukocytes, Mononuclear Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules. Mononuclear Leukocyte,Mononuclear Leukocytes,PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Human Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Leukocyte, Mononuclear
D008214 Lymphocytes White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS. Lymphoid Cells,Cell, Lymphoid,Cells, Lymphoid,Lymphocyte,Lymphoid Cell
D009288 Naproxen An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout. Aleve,Anaprox,Methoxypropiocin,Naprosin,Naprosyn,Naproxen Sodium,Proxen,Sodium Naproxenate,Synflex,Naproxenate, Sodium,Sodium, Naproxen
D011948 Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (CD3 COMPLEX). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains. Antigen Receptors, T-Cell,T-Cell Receptors,Receptors, T-Cell Antigen,T-Cell Antigen Receptor,T-Cell Receptor,Antigen Receptor, T-Cell,Antigen Receptors, T Cell,Receptor, T-Cell,Receptor, T-Cell Antigen,Receptors, T Cell Antigen,Receptors, T-Cell,T Cell Antigen Receptor,T Cell Receptor,T Cell Receptors,T-Cell Antigen Receptors
D003139 Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Cold, Common,Coryza, Acute,Catarrh,Acute Coryza,Catarrhs,Colds, Common,Common Colds
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006854 Hydrocortisone The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Cortef,Cortisol,Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-, (11beta)-,11-Epicortisol,Cortifair,Cortril,Epicortisol,Hydrocortisone, (11 alpha)-Isomer,Hydrocortisone, (9 beta,10 alpha,11 alpha)-Isomer,11 Epicortisol
D000077596 Thymalfasin A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients. Thymosin alpha(1),Thymosin alpha1,Zadaxin,alpha1-Thymosin,alpha1 Thymosin
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults

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