Biomaterial Database

Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy evaluation of demineralized human enamel after titanium tetrafluoride application. 2015

P C C Alcântara, and A K Alexandria, and I P R Souza, and L C Maia

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the presence of a titanium dioxide layer after application of titanium tetrafluoride on human permanent tooth enamel. METHODS The sample consisted of unerupted third molars. After the removal of the roots, each tooth was mesiodistally divided into 2 fragments, one reserved for the experimental group and the other for the control group. Before the treatments the fragments were artificially demineralized. The experimental group (n=5) received an application of 4% titanium tetrafluoride, for one minute and the control group (n=5) did not receive any treatment. The samples were sputter-coated with a 20-30nm gold layer as the energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer analysis was carried out in a scanning electron microscope and the results were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS The titanium dioxide layer was present on all experimental samples with a titanium peak varying between 6.82 and 26.37%. This layer was not found in the control group. Fluoride and calcium fluoride precipitates were present in the samples treated with titanium tetrafluoride. CONCLUSIONS Titanium dioxide layer was formed after one titanium tetrafluoride application, but it was not uniform. Further studies should be carried out so that both the morphology and thickness of such layers can be better understood.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008855	Microscopy, Electron, Scanning	Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.	Scanning Electron Microscopy,Electron Scanning Microscopy,Electron Microscopies, Scanning,Electron Microscopy, Scanning,Electron Scanning Microscopies,Microscopies, Electron Scanning,Microscopies, Scanning Electron,Microscopy, Electron Scanning,Microscopy, Scanning Electron,Scanning Electron Microscopies,Scanning Microscopies, Electron,Scanning Microscopy, Electron
D002124	Calcium Fluoride	Calcium fluoride. Occurring in nature as the mineral fluorite or fluorspar. It is the primary source of fluorine and its compounds. Pure calcium fluoride is used as a catalyst in dehydration and dehydrogenation and is used to fluoridate drinking water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Fluoride, Calcium
D002327	Cariostatic Agents	Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)	Cariostatic Effect,Cariostatic Effects,Agent, Cariostatic,Agents, Cariostatic,Cariostatic Agent,Effect, Cariostatic,Effects, Cariostatic
D003743	Dental Enamel	A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	Enamel,Enamel Cuticle,Dental Enamels,Enamel, Dental,Enamels, Dental,Cuticle, Enamel,Cuticles, Enamel,Enamel Cuticles,Enamels
D005459	Fluorides	Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.	Fluoride
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013052	Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission	The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.	Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry,Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry,Spectrometry, Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission,Spectrometry, Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission,Spectrometry, X-Ray Fluorescence,X-Ray Emission Spectrometry,X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy,X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy,Particle Induced X Ray Emission Spectrometry,Proton Induced X Ray Emission Spectrometry,Spectrometry, Particle Induced X Ray Emission,Spectrometry, Proton Induced X Ray Emission,Spectrometry, Xray Emission,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy,X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Xray Emission Spectroscopy,Emission Spectrometry, X-Ray,Emission Spectrometry, Xray,Emission Spectroscopy, X-Ray,Emission Spectroscopy, Xray,Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectrometry,Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy,Fluorescence Spectrometry, X-Ray,Fluorescence Spectroscopy, X-Ray,Spectrometry, X Ray Emission,Spectrometry, X Ray Fluorescence,Spectroscopy, X-Ray Emission,Spectroscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence,Spectroscopy, Xray Emission,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Spectrometry,Wavelength Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy,X Ray Emission Spectrometry,X Ray Emission Spectroscopy,X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,X Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy,X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopies,Xray Emission Spectrometry
D014025	Titanium	A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.
D017001	Tooth Demineralization	A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.	Demineralization, Tooth

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