Mucus glycoprotein, its biophysical and gel-forming properties. 1989

A Silberberg
Joseph & Marian Robbins Chair in Biorheology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

The mucus glycoprotein molecules of mildly solubilised mucus have been called 'the first units into solution'. These are strand-like, randomly coiling macromolecules 0.5 to 50M. Dalton in molecular weight. Light scattering shows them to be Kuhn coils of a approximately 1000 A long, thin, linearly repeated segment built on a protein chain of about 1000 amino acids, the presumable gene product synthesized by the cell. Mucus, from all sources, involves this glycosylated (approximately 80% sugar) structural subunit, composed of two parts: a bare peptide part, B, and a heavily glycosylated peptide part, T, containing all the sugar in some 200 O-glycosidically linked side chains. The network required for the rheological functioning of mucus, the mucus gel, is built up of these units. A large number of cysteines occur in the bare protein region B. As the crosslink, therefore, either a direct intermolecular disulfide bond (B to B), or a disulfide bond stabilized lectin protein-to-sugar bond (B to T), is presumed to be involved. There may be two levels of crosslinking. Bonds entered into in nascent mucus may be labile, and a freshly secreted mucus blob swells easily. Later on the links seem to become more stable, no longer exchange with ease and there is little swelling. The gel network in mucus may not be infinite, but only an effectively entangled system of very large molecules. On normally functioning respiratory epithelia, indeed, the network may only be transient. Anything which destroys the bare peptide region, e.g. proteolysis, dissolves the network and yields T-domains. There is at most a side-to-side association of the individual glycoprotein subunits in the network strands and rather few branches. The lectin hypothesis for the crosslink would give the cell very easy control over the structural and rheological properties of the secreted product. In the context of the lectin hypothesis it is proposed that the so-called 'link' protein of intestinal mucus is a degraded part of the B+T subunit, the B part plus some of the adjacent T domain. The 'link' protein would thus contain the lectin and would stay bound until released by thiol reduction.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009093 Mucus The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells.
D002923 Cilia Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Motile Cilia,Motile Cilium,Nodal Cilia,Nodal Cilium,Primary Cilia,Primary Cilium,Cilium,Cilia, Motile,Cilia, Nodal,Cilia, Primary,Cilium, Motile,Cilium, Nodal,Cilium, Primary
D004848 Epithelium The layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS which cover the inner and outer surfaces of the cutaneous, mucus, and serous tissues and glands of the body. Mesothelium,Epithelial Tissue,Mesothelial Tissue,Epithelial Tissues,Mesothelial Tissues,Tissue, Epithelial,Tissue, Mesothelial,Tissues, Epithelial,Tissues, Mesothelial
D005782 Gels Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.
D006023 Glycoproteins Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including MUCINS; mucoid, and AMYLOID glycoproteins. C-Glycosylated Proteins,Glycosylated Protein,Glycosylated Proteins,N-Glycosylated Proteins,O-Glycosylated Proteins,Glycoprotein,Neoglycoproteins,Protein, Glycosylated,Proteins, C-Glycosylated,Proteins, Glycosylated,Proteins, N-Glycosylated,Proteins, O-Glycosylated
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012995 Solubility The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Solubilities
D015394 Molecular Structure The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular
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