Biomaterial Database

DNA double-strand break repair: a tale of pathway choices. 2016

Jing Li, and Xingzhi Xu

Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China jing_li@cnu.edu.cn xingzhi_xu@cnu.edu.cn.

Deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand breaks (DSBs) are cytotoxic lesions that must be repaired either through homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways. DSB repair is critical for genome integrity, cellular homeostasis and also constitutes the biological foundation for radiotherapy and the majority of chemotherapy. The choice between HR and NHEJ is a complex yet not completely understood process that will entail more future efforts. Herein we review our current understandings about how the choice is made over an antagonizing balance between p53-binding protein 1 and breast cancer 1 in the context of cell cycle stages, downstream effects, and distinct chromosomal histone marks. These exciting areas of research will surely bring more mechanistic insights about DSB repair and be utilized in the clinical settings.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009687	Nuclear Proteins	Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.	Nucleolar Protein,Nucleolar Proteins,Nuclear Protein,Protein, Nuclear,Protein, Nucleolar,Proteins, Nuclear,Proteins, Nucleolar
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000071857	Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1	A nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that associates with KINETOCHORES and contains a C-terminal TUDOR DOMAIN. It plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA DAMAGE and localizes to DOUBLE-STRAND DNA BREAKS. It may also function in M PHASE CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS and as an enhancer of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-mediated transcriptional activation.	53BP1 Protein,TP53BP1 Protein,Tumor Protein p53-Binding Protein, 1,p202 Protein,Tumor Protein p53 Binding Protein, 1,Tumor Suppressor p53 Binding Protein 1
D053903	DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded	Interruptions in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, across both strands adjacently.	Double-Stranded DNA Breaks,Double-Strand DNA Breaks,Double-Stranded DNA Break,Break, Double-Strand DNA,Break, Double-Stranded DNA,Breaks, Double-Strand DNA,Breaks, Double-Stranded DNA,DNA Break, Double-Strand,DNA Break, Double-Stranded,DNA Breaks, Double Stranded,DNA Breaks, Double-Strand,Double Strand DNA Breaks,Double Stranded DNA Break,Double Stranded DNA Breaks,Double-Strand DNA Break
D059766	DNA End-Joining Repair	The repair of DOUBLE-STRAND DNA BREAKS by rejoining the broken ends of DNA to each other directly.	Non-Homologous DNA End-Joining,End-Joining DNA Repair,MMEJ DNA Repair,Microhomology-Mediated End Joining Repair,NHEJ DNA Repair,Nonhomologous DNA End-Joining,DNA End Joining Repair,DNA End-Joining, Non-Homologous,DNA End-Joining, Nonhomologous,DNA Repair, End-Joining,DNA Repair, MMEJ,DNA Repair, NHEJ,End Joining DNA Repair,End-Joining Repair, DNA,End-Joining, Non-Homologous DNA,Microhomology Mediated End Joining Repair,Non Homologous DNA End Joining,Nonhomologous DNA End Joining,Repair, DNA End-Joining,Repair, End-Joining DNA,Repair, MMEJ DNA,Repair, NHEJ DNA
D019313	BRCA1 Protein	The phosphoprotein encoded by the BRCA1 gene (GENE, BRCA1). It contains an N-terminal RING FINGER DOMAIN and is a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 regulatory subunit. In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (Science 1995;270(5237):713,789-91)	BRCA1 Gene Product,Breast Cancer 1 Gene Product,Breast Cancer 1 Protein,Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility Protein,Ring Finger Protein 53