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The human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) was entrapped in liposomes, and the therapeutic effects of the liposomes containing IL-2 (Lip-IL-2) were experimentally studied using the rat hepatoma strain, AH-66, maintained in donryu rats and challenged subcutaneously in the inguinal region. The peri-tumor injections of Lip-IL-2 (15 X 10(4)/kg units for the IL-2 dose) significantly inhibited the tumor growth as determined from the relative mean tumor weight, although no therapeutic effects were observed when the unentrapped IL-2 or liposomes containing saline was administered rats in the same way as the injections of Lip-IL-2. They also prolonged the survival time of rats. The studies of serum IL-2 values after i.v. or s.c. injections of Lip-IL-2 revealed that IL-2 was released gradually from the liposomes containing IL-2 into the circulation. As the result of the tumor tissue staining of the immunoperoxidase 18 hrs after the peri-tumor injection of IL-2, it was shown that a number of macrophages infiltrated into the tumor tissue and degenerated tumor cells were observed adjacent to those macrophages. It is suggested that Lip-IL-2 is useful as an antineoplastic agent in the immunotherapy and that the therapeutic effects of Lip-IL-2 would be related to both the slow release of IL-2 and the cytotoxicity on the tumor cells mediated by the macrophages.
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