A survey on the feasibility of surface EMG in facial pacing. 2016

Ville Rantanen, and Mirja Ilves, and Antti Vehkaoja, and Anton Kontunen, and Jani Lylykangas, and Eeva Makela, and Markus Rautiainen, and Veikko Surakka, and Jukka Lekkala

A survey on the feasibility of surface electromyography (EMG) measurements in facial pacing is presented. Pacing for unilateral facial paralysis consists of the measurement of activity from the healthy side of the face and functional electrical stimulation to reanimate the paralyzed one. The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of surface EMG as a measurement method to detect muscle activations and to determine their intensities. Prior work is discussed, and results from experiments where 12 participants carried out a set of facial movements are presented. EMG was registered from zygomaticus major (smile), orbicularis oris (lip pucker), orbicularis oculi (eye blink), corrugator supercilii (frown), and masseter (chew). Most important facial functions that are limited due to the paralysis are blinking, smiling, and puckering. With majority of the participants, crosstalk between the measured EMG channels was found to be acceptably small to be able to pace smiling and puckering based on detecting their contraction intensities from the healthy side. However, pacing blinking based on orbicularis oculi EMG measurement does not seem possible due to crosstalk from other muscles, but the electro-oculographic (EOG) signals that couple to the same measurement channel could help to detect eye blinks and trigger stimuli. Futhermore, masseter greatly disturbs EMG measurement of most facial muscles, which needs to be addressed in the pacing system to avoid falsely interpreting its activity as the activity of another muscle.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D001767 Blinking Brief closing of the eyelids by involuntary normal periodic closing, as a protective measure, or by voluntary action. Orbicularis Oculi Reflex,Reflex, Blink,Reflex, Corneal,Reflex, Orbicularis Oculi,Winking,Blink Reflexes,Corneal Reflexes,Orbicularis Oculi Reflexes,Blink Reflex,Reflexes, Blink,Reflexes, Orbicularis Oculi
D004576 Electromyography Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes. Electromyogram,Surface Electromyography,Electromyograms,Electromyographies,Electromyographies, Surface,Electromyography, Surface,Surface Electromyographies
D005152 Facial Muscles Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Mimetic Muscles,Facial Muscle,Mimetic Muscle,Muscle, Facial,Muscle, Mimetic,Muscles, Facial,Muscles, Mimetic
D005158 Facial Paralysis Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. FACIAL NERVE DISEASES generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause facial paralysis or paresis. Facial Palsy,Hemifacial Paralysis,Facial Palsy, Lower Motor Neuron,Facial Palsy, Upper Motor Neuron,Facial Paralysis, Central,Facial Paralysis, Peripheral,Facial Paresis,Lower Motor Neuron Facial Palsy,Upper Motor Neuron Facial Palsy,Central Facial Paralyses,Central Facial Paralysis,Facial Palsies,Facial Paralyses, Central,Facial Paralyses, Peripheral,Palsies, Facial,Palsy, Facial,Paralyses, Central Facial,Paralyses, Facial,Paralyses, Hemifacial,Paralysis, Central Facial,Paralysis, Facial,Paralysis, Hemifacial,Paralysis, Peripheral Facial,Pareses, Facial,Paresis, Facial,Peripheral Facial Paralysis
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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