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As demonstrated by long-range mapping of restriction endonuclease recognition sequences and genomic cloning, we found that the human genes encoding interleukin 3 (IL 3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are tandemly arrayed on the long arm of chromosome 5, separated by 9 kilobases (kb) of DNA. This close physical linkage of genes with similar structure and biologic function suggests that these cytokines may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. This linkage in evolution of two relatively divergent genes further implies that some of the other lymphokine and cytokine genes that appear to share as much or more sequence similarity than do IL 3 and GM-CSF may be distantly related members of a cytokine gene family.
Y C Yang, and
S Kovacic, and
R Kriz, and
S Wolf, and
S C Clark, and
T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
April 1989,
Blood,
Y C Yang, and
S Kovacic, and
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T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
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A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
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T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
January 1995,
Genomics,
Y C Yang, and
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R Kriz, and
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T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
December 1992,
Immunology today,
Y C Yang, and
S Kovacic, and
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T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
March 1989,
Somatic cell and molecular genetics,
Y C Yang, and
S Kovacic, and
R Kriz, and
S Wolf, and
S C Clark, and
T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
September 1991,
Journal of medical genetics,
Y C Yang, and
S Kovacic, and
R Kriz, and
S Wolf, and
S C Clark, and
T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
March 1997,
[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology,
Y C Yang, and
S Kovacic, and
R Kriz, and
S Wolf, and
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T E Wellems, and
A Nienhuis, and
N Epstein
May 1992,
International journal of cell cloning,
Y C Yang, and
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S Wolf, and
S C Clark, and
T E Wellems, and
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N Epstein
April 1997,
Leukemia,
