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The mechanism by which atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) acts on cells remains obscure. Using cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from rat aorta, we studied the structure-activity relationship of alpha-human(h) ANP and attempted to clarify its cellular mechanism of action. Binding studies using a variety of synthetic alpha-hANP analogs with deletion and substitution of amino-acid residue(s) within the ring structure and deamino-dicarba analogs with replacement of the disulfide bond with an ethylene linkage, suggested that the original cyclic structure is a minimum requirement for biological activity and the disulfide bond is not essential for receptor binding. The present study using VSMC loaded with a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin-2 revealed that alpha-rat(r) ANP has no effect on increases in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration stimulated by angiotensin (A) II or arginine-vasopressin (AVP). While both vasoconstrictive hormones rapidly stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) response in VSMC, pretreatment with rANP did not affect AII- or AVP-induced PI response. However, AII-stimulated phosphorylation level of 20 K-dalton (Da) myosin light chain (MLC), a regulatory contractile protein of VSMC, was attenuated by pretreatment with rANP. These data suggest that ANP may not act at site of either agonist-induced membrane PI hydrolysis or intracellular Ca2+-signal system, but may partly be involved in phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of 20 K-Da MLC in cultured rat VSMC.
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