A physiologically based model for tramadol pharmacokinetics in horses. 2017

Roberto Andrea Abbiati, and Petra Cagnardi, and Giuliano Ravasio, and Roberto Villa, and Davide Manca
PSE-Lab, Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.

This work proposes an application of a minimal complexity physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict tramadol concentration vs time profiles in horses. Tramadol is an opioid analgesic also used for veterinary treatments. Researchers and medical doctors can profit from the application of mathematical models as supporting tools to optimize the pharmacological treatment of animal species. The proposed model is based on physiology but adopts the minimal compartmental architecture necessary to describe the experimental data. The model features a system of ordinary differential equations, where most of the model parameters are either assigned or individualized for a given horse, using literature data and correlations. Conversely, residual parameters, whose value is unknown, are regressed exploiting experimental data. The model proved capable of simulating pharmacokinetic profiles with accuracy. In addition, it provides further insights on un-observable tramadol data, as for instance tramadol concentration in the liver or hepatic metabolism and renal excretion extent.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007668 Kidney Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations. Kidneys
D008099 Liver A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances. Livers
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D003198 Computer Simulation Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes. Computational Modeling,Computational Modelling,Computer Models,In silico Modeling,In silico Models,In silico Simulation,Models, Computer,Computerized Models,Computer Model,Computer Simulations,Computerized Model,In silico Model,Model, Computer,Model, Computerized,Model, In silico,Modeling, Computational,Modeling, In silico,Modelling, Computational,Simulation, Computer,Simulation, In silico,Simulations, Computer
D006736 Horses Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest. Equus caballus,Equus przewalskii,Horse, Domestic,Domestic Horse,Domestic Horses,Horse,Horses, Domestic
D000701 Analgesics, Opioid Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS. Opioid,Opioid Analgesic,Opioid Analgesics,Opioids,Full Opioid Agonists,Opioid Full Agonists,Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists,Opioid Partial Agonists,Partial Opioid Agonists,Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid Mixed,Agonists, Full Opioid,Agonists, Opioid Full,Agonists, Opioid Partial,Agonists, Partial Opioid,Analgesic, Opioid,Full Agonists, Opioid,Mixed Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid,Opioid Agonists, Full,Opioid Agonists, Partial,Opioid Mixed Agonist Antagonists,Partial Agonists, Opioid
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014147 Tramadol A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating. Adolonta,Amadol,Biodalgic,Biokanol,Contramal,Jutadol,K-315,MTW-Tramadol,Nobligan,Prontofort,Ranitidin 1A Pharma,Takadol,Theradol,Tiral,Topalgic,Tradol,Tradol-Puren,Tradonal,Tralgiol,Trama 1A Pharma,Trama AbZ,Trama KD,Trama-Dorsch,Tramabeta,Tramadin,Tramadoc,Tramadol 1A,Tramadol AL,Tramadol Asta Medica,Tramadol Basics,Tramadol Bayvit,Tramadol Bexal,Tramadol Cinfa,Tramadol Edigen,Tramadol Heumann,Tramadol Hydrochloride,Tramadol Kern,Tramadol Lichtenstein,Tramadol Lindo,Tramadol Mabo,Tramadol Normon,Tramadol PB,Tramadol Ratiopharm,Tramadol Stada,Tramadol acis,Tramadol-Dolgit,Tramadol-Hameln,Tramadol-ratiopharm,Tramadolor,Tramadura,Tramagetic,Tramagit,Tramake,Tramal,Tramex,Tramundin,Trasedal,Ultram,Xymel 50,Zamudol,Zumalgic,Zydol,Zytram,K 315,K315,MTW Tramadol,MTWTramadol,Tradol Puren,TradolPuren,Trama Dorsch,TramaDorsch,Tramadol Dolgit,Tramadol Hameln,TramadolDolgit,TramadolHameln,Tramadolratiopharm

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