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Initiating activities of the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), were examined in terms of the induction of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-positive foci in rat liver. A rapid induction model of enzyme-altered foci was utilized. GGT-positive foci were clearly induced by DCA ranging from 0.05% to 0.5% in the diet. In contrast, the induction of GGT-positive foci by LCA was less pronounced and was not dose-dependent. These results suggest that DCA possesses initiating activity.
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