Evidence of Variabilities in EEG Dynamics During Motor Imagery-Based Multiclass Brain-Computer Interface. 2018

Simanto Saha, and Khawza Iftekhar Uddin Ahmed, and Raqibul Mostafa, and Leontios Hadjileontiadis, and Ahsan Khandoker

Inter-subject and inter-session variabilities pose a significant challenge in electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Furthermore, high dimensional EEG montages introduce huge computational burden due to excessive number of channels involved. Two experimental, i.e., inter-session and inter-subject, variabilities of EEG dynamics during motor imagery (MI) tasks are investigated in this paper. In particular, the effect on the performance of the BCIs due to day-to-day variability in EEG dynamics during the alterations in cognitive stages is explored. In addition, the inter-subject BCIs feasibility between cortically synchronized and desynchronized subject pairs on pairwise performance associativity is further examined. Moreover, the consequences of integrating spatial brain dynamics of varying the number of channels - from specific regions of the brain - are also discussed in case of both the contexts. The proposed approach is validated on real BCI data set containing EEG data from four classes of MI tasks, i.e., left/right hand, both feet, and tongue, subjected prior to a preprocessing of three different spatial filtering techniques. Experimental results have shown that a maximum classification accuracy of around 58% was achieved for the inter-subject experimental case, whereas a 31% deviation was noticed in the classification accuracies across two sessions during the inter-session experimental case. In conclusion, BCIs, without the subject-and session-specific calibration and with lesser number of channels employed, play a vital role while promoting a generic and efficient framework for plug and play use.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007092 Imagination A new pattern of perceptual or ideational material derived from past experience. Imaginations
D008297 Male Males
D009068 Movement The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior. Movements
D002138 Calibration Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output. Calibrations
D003071 Cognition Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge. Cognitive Function,Cognitions,Cognitive Functions,Function, Cognitive,Functions, Cognitive
D003344 Cortical Synchronization EEG phase synchronization of the cortical brain region (CEREBRAL CORTEX). Cortical Desynchronization,Cortical Phase Desynchronization,Cortical Phase Synchronization,Cortical Desynchronizations,Cortical Phase Desynchronizations,Cortical Phase Synchronizations,Cortical Synchronizations,Desynchronization, Cortical,Desynchronizations, Cortical,Phase Desynchronization, Cortical,Phase Desynchronizations, Cortical,Phase Synchronization, Cortical,Phase Synchronizations, Cortical,Synchronization, Cortical,Synchronizations, Cortical
D004566 Electrodes Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum. Anode,Anode Materials,Cathode,Cathode Materials,Anode Material,Anodes,Cathode Material,Cathodes,Electrode,Material, Anode,Material, Cathode
D004569 Electroencephalography Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain. EEG,Electroencephalogram,Electroencephalograms
D005260 Female Females
D005528 Foot The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones. Feet

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