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Inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation in collagen gels by chondroitin sulphate. 1985

G K Hunter, and B L Allen, and M D Grynpas, and P T Cheng

Crystal growth in native collagen gels has been used to determine the role of extracellular matrix macromolecules in biological calcification phenomena. In this system, type I collagen gels containing sodium phosphate and buffered at pH 7.4 are overlayed with a solution containing CaCl2. Crystals form in the collagen gel adjacent to the gel-solution interface. Conditions were determined which permit the growth of crystals of hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]. At a Ca/P molar ratio of 2:1, the minimum concentrations of calcium and phosphate necessary for precipitation of hydroxyapatite are 10 mM and 5 mM, respectively. Under these conditions, precipitation is initiated at 18-24h, and is maximal between 24h and 6 days. Addition of high concentrations of chondroitin 4-sulphate inhibits the formation of hydroxyapatite in collagen gels; initiation of precipitation is delayed, and the final (equilibrium) amount of precipitation is decreased. Inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation requires concentrations of chondroitin sulphate higher than those required to inhibit calcium pyrophosphate crystal formation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D010710 Phosphates Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid. Inorganic Phosphate,Phosphates, Inorganic,Inorganic Phosphates,Orthophosphate,Phosphate,Phosphate, Inorganic
D011232 Chemical Precipitation The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution. Precipitation, Chemical
D002118 Calcium A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002807 Chondroitin A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
D002809 Chondroitin Sulfates Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin 4-Sulfate,Chondroitin 6-Sulfate,Chondroitin Sulfate A,Chondroitin Sulfate C,Blutal,Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Aluminum Salt,Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Potassium Salt,Chondroitin 6-Sulfate, Potassium Salt,Chondroitin 6-Sulfate, Sodium Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate,Chondroitin Sulfate 4-Sulfate, Sodium Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate, Calcium Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate, Iron (+3) Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate, Iron Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate, Potassium Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate, Sodium Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate, Zinc Salt,Chonsurid,Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate,Translagen,Chondroitin 4 Sulfate,Chondroitin 4 Sulfate, Aluminum Salt,Chondroitin 4 Sulfate, Potassium Salt,Chondroitin 6 Sulfate,Chondroitin 6 Sulfate, Potassium Salt,Chondroitin 6 Sulfate, Sodium Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate 4 Sulfate, Sodium Salt,Chondroitin Sulfate, Sodium,Sulfate, Chondroitin,Sulfate, Sodium Chondroitin,Sulfates, Chondroitin
D003094 Collagen A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH). Avicon,Avitene,Collagen Felt,Collagen Fleece,Collagenfleece,Collastat,Dermodress,Microfibril Collagen Hemostat,Pangen,Zyderm,alpha-Collagen,Collagen Hemostat, Microfibril,alpha Collagen
D003460 Crystallization The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Crystalline Polymorphs,Polymorphism, Crystallization,Crystal Growth,Polymorphic Crystals,Crystal, Polymorphic,Crystalline Polymorph,Crystallization Polymorphism,Crystallization Polymorphisms,Crystals, Polymorphic,Growth, Crystal,Polymorph, Crystalline,Polymorphic Crystal,Polymorphisms, Crystallization,Polymorphs, Crystalline
D005782 Gels Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.
D006882 Hydroxyapatites A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Hydroxyapatite Derivatives,Derivatives, Hydroxyapatite

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