cAMP (Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate), one of the most highly studied second messengers, is regulated by a family of adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzymes. Type 3 adenylyl cyclase (abbreviated as AC3), a subtype of adenylyl cyclase, is reported to be expressed in cilia in the olfactory and central nervous system and plays an important role in many physiological functions such as olfaction, development. However, expression of AC3 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is not reported. In the present study, using immunohistochemical method, we discovered that AC3 immunoreactivity (IR) is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of small to medium sized DRG neurons. Double labelling revealed that the majority of AC3 IR are colocalized with CGRP (a peptidergic nociceptor marker), rarely with NF200 (a myelinated neuronal marker) or IB4 (a nonpeptidergic nociceptor marker). Furthermore, dense AC3 IR exists in the superficial dorsal horn, especially in laminaⅠand dorsal part of lamina II, where CGRP-positive DRG neurons terminate. The expression pattern of AC3 is similar between C57/BL6 J mouse and Sprague Dawley rat. For instance, AC3 is primarily expressed in the cell bodies of small to medium sized DRG neurons and the majority of AC3 IR is also in CGRP-containing neurons in rat. Taken together, our data suggest that AC3 is primarily expressed in the small to medium sized cell bodies and central terminals of CGRP-positive DRG neurons, implying AC3 enzyme might potentially function in nociception.