Biomaterial Database

Efferent neural pathways for the control of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and shivering. 2018

Shaun F Morrison

Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States. Electronic address: morrisos@ohsu.edu.

The fundamental central neural circuits for thermoregulation orchestrate behavioral and autonomic repertoires that maintain body core temperature during thermal challenges that arise from either the ambient or the internal environment. This review summarizes our understanding of the neural pathways within the fundamental thermoregulatory reflex circuitry that comprise the efferent (i.e., beyond thermosensory) control of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and shivering thermogenesis: the motor neuron systems consisting of the BAT sympathetic preganglionic neurons and BAT sympathetic ganglion cells, and the alpha- and gamma-motoneurons; the premotor neurons in the region of the rostral raphe pallidus, and the thermogenesis-promoting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/dorsal hypothalamic area. Also included are inputs to, and neurochemical modulators of, these efferent neuronal populations that could influence their activity during thermoregulatory responses. Signals of metabolic status can be particularly significant for the energy-hungry thermoeffectors for heat production.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D001833	Body Temperature Regulation	The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.	Heat Loss,Thermoregulation,Regulation, Body Temperature,Temperature Regulation, Body,Body Temperature Regulations,Heat Losses,Loss, Heat,Losses, Heat,Regulations, Body Temperature,Temperature Regulations, Body,Thermoregulations
D002001	Adipose Tissue, Brown	A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.	Brown Fat,Hibernating Gland,Brown Adipose Tissue,Fat, Brown,Tissue, Brown Adipose
D004525	Efferent Pathways	Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.	Motor Pathways,Efferent Pathway,Pathway, Efferent,Pathways, Efferent
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012768	Shivering	Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals.	Shiverings
D022722	Thermogenesis	The generation of heat in order to maintain body temperature. The uncoupled oxidation of fatty acids contained within brown adipose tissue and SHIVERING are examples of thermogenesis in MAMMALS.	Heat Production,Adaptive Thermogenesis,Facultative Thermogenesis,Nonshivering Thermogenesis,Production, Heat,Thermogeneses,Thermogenesis, Adaptive,Thermogenesis, Facultative,Thermogenesis, Nonshivering