Probing Binding Landscapes and Molecular Recognition Mechanisms of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs towards the Selective Targeting of D2 Dopamine Receptor. 2019

Patrick Appiah-Kubi, and Fisayo Andrew Olotu, and Mahmoud E S Soliman
Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa.

Dopamine receptors constitute a unique class of G-protein coupled receptors that mediate the activities of dopamine, a neurotransmitter implicated in diverse neurological diseases when dysregulated. Over the years, antipsychotic drugs have been primarily directed towards D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) while associable adverse effects have been centred on non-selective targeting. The recent crystal structure of DRD2 in complex with atypical antipsychotic could further aid the structure-based design of highly DRD2-selective antipsychotics. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively investigate the molecular recognition and differential binding landscapes of class-I and II DRD2 atypical antipsychotics, using membrane-bilayer molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy techniques. Findings revealed that selected class-I antipsychotics exhibited binding dynamics and poses dissimilar to the class-II types with different interactive mechanisms at the binding cavity of DRD2. More interestingly, the class-II drugs established a highly coordinated binding at the DRD2 active site with a pertinent and recurrent involvement of Asp114 via strong hydrogen interactions. Furthermore, while these compounds exert distinct effects on DRD2 structure, findings revealed that the class-II types favourably engaged the deep hydrophobic pocket of DRD2 compared to the class-I drugs. We speculate that these findings will be fundamental to the discovery of highly selective DRD2 antipsychotics.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008958 Models, Molecular Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures. Molecular Models,Model, Molecular,Molecular Model
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014150 Antipsychotic Agents Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. Antipsychotic,Antipsychotic Agent,Antipsychotic Drug,Antipsychotic Medication,Major Tranquilizer,Neuroleptic,Neuroleptic Agent,Neuroleptic Drug,Neuroleptics,Tranquilizing Agents, Major,Antipsychotic Drugs,Antipsychotic Effect,Antipsychotic Effects,Antipsychotics,Major Tranquilizers,Neuroleptic Agents,Neuroleptic Drugs,Tranquillizing Agents, Major,Agent, Antipsychotic,Agent, Neuroleptic,Drug, Antipsychotic,Drug, Neuroleptic,Effect, Antipsychotic,Major Tranquilizing Agents,Major Tranquillizing Agents,Medication, Antipsychotic,Tranquilizer, Major
D015394 Molecular Structure The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular
D017448 Receptors, Dopamine D2 A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES. Dopamine D2 Receptors,Dopamine-D2 Receptor,D2 Receptors, Dopamine,Dopamine D2 Receptor,Receptor, Dopamine-D2
D055808 Drug Discovery The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use. Drug Prospecting,Discovery, Drug,Prospecting, Drug
D018967 Risperidone A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA. R-64,766,R-64766,Risperdal Consta,Risperidal,Consta, Risperdal,R 64,766,R 64766,R64,766,R64766

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