Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia. 2019

Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia.

This study was conducted to investigate on the effect of different sampling regions of palm-refined oils and fats on the 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol fatty acid esters (MCPDE) and glycidol fatty acid esters (GE) levels. The American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) Official Method Cd 29a-13 on the determination of MCPDE and GE in edible oils and fats by acid transesterification was successfully verified and optimised, with slight modification using 7890A Agilent GC system equipped with 5975C quadrupole detector. The determined limits of detection (LOD) for MCPDE were 0.02 mg kg-1 and 0.05 mg kg-1 for GE. The method performance has showed good recovery between 80% and 120% for all pertinent compounds with seven replicates assayed in three separate days. Round robin test with two European laboratories, i.e. Eurofins and SGS, has shown compliance results with those of the present study. Among the sampling regions, only one refinery located in the central region of Malaysia showed a significant increment of the MCPDE and GE levels after refining process. The GE level averaging at 2.5 mg kg-1 was slightly higher than that of 3-MCPDE averaging at 1.3 mg kg-1. Both esters were preferentially partitioned into the liquid phase rather than the solid phase after fractionation. However, the overall results exhibited no direct correlation between the esters content and the different sampling locations of the palm oil products in Malaysia. Analysis of total chlorine content also displayed significant variations between sampling locations which clearly show its effect on the chlorine content in the CPO samples.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008296 Malaysia A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329) Federation of Malaya,Malay Federation,Malay Peninsula,Malaya,Malaya Federation,Sabah,Sarawak
D004852 Epoxy Compounds Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS. Epoxide,Epoxides,Epoxy Compound,Oxiranes,Compound, Epoxy,Compounds, Epoxy
D004952 Esters Compounds derived from organic or inorganic acids in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an –O-alkyl or another organic group. They can be represented by the structure formula RCOOR’ and are usually formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water. Ester
D005227 Fatty Acids Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Aliphatic Acid,Esterified Fatty Acid,Fatty Acid,Fatty Acids, Esterified,Fatty Acids, Saturated,Saturated Fatty Acid,Aliphatic Acids,Acid, Aliphatic,Acid, Esterified Fatty,Acid, Saturated Fatty,Esterified Fatty Acids,Fatty Acid, Esterified,Fatty Acid, Saturated,Saturated Fatty Acids
D005504 Food Analysis Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD. Analysis, Food,Analyses, Food,Food Analyses
D005506 Food Contamination The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage. Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D005990 Glycerol A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent. 1,2,3-Propanetriol,Glycerin,1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane,Glycerine
D000073878 Palm Oil Nutritive oil extracted from the fleshy mesocarp of the fruit of the African palm tree, Elaeis guineensis. Palmolein,Oil, Palm
D000517 alpha-Chlorohydrin A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents. alpha-Chlorhydrin,3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol,3-Chloropropanediol,3-MCPD,3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol,Glycerol alpha-Monochlorohydrin,U-5897,3 Chloro 1,2 propanediol,3 Chloropropanediol,3 Monochloropropane 1,2 diol,Glycerol alpha Monochlorohydrin,U 5897,U5897,alpha Chlorhydrin,alpha Chlorohydrin,alpha-Monochlorohydrin, Glycerol
D015203 Reproducibility of Results The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results. Reliability and Validity,Reliability of Result,Reproducibility Of Result,Reproducibility of Finding,Validity of Result,Validity of Results,Face Validity,Reliability (Epidemiology),Reliability of Results,Reproducibility of Findings,Test-Retest Reliability,Validity (Epidemiology),Finding Reproducibilities,Finding Reproducibility,Of Result, Reproducibility,Of Results, Reproducibility,Reliabilities, Test-Retest,Reliability, Test-Retest,Result Reliabilities,Result Reliability,Result Validities,Result Validity,Result, Reproducibility Of,Results, Reproducibility Of,Test Retest Reliability,Validity and Reliability,Validity, Face

Related Publications

Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
July 2020, Journal of food science,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
October 2020, Food chemistry,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
May 2018, Food chemistry,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
October 2023, Heliyon,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
January 2012, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
February 2019, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
February 2021, Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.),
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
January 2012, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
December 2020, Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance,
Raznim Arni Abd Razak, and Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi, and Abdul Niefaizal Abdul Hammid, and Ainie Kuntom, and Intan Safinar Ismail, and Maimunah Sanny
June 2018, Food science and biotechnology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!