BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining. 2020

Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

The reduction of the 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) was successfully achieved by the optimization of four processing parameters: phosphoric acid dosage, degumming temperature, bleaching earth dosage, and deodorization temperature by response surface methodology without the need for additional processing steps. The optimized processing conditions were 0.31% phosphoric acid dosage, 50 °C degumming temperature, 3% bleaching earth dosage, and 240 °C deodorization temperature. The optimization resulted in more than 80% and 65% reduction of 3-MCPDE and GE levels, respectively with color and FFA contents maintained in the acceptable range specified by Palm Oil Refiners Association of Malaysia. The optimized refining condition was transferred to macro scale refining units of 1 kg and 3 kg capacities to investigate its successful application during scale-up process.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007753 Laboratories Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures. Laboratory
D008296 Malaysia A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329) Federation of Malaya,Malay Federation,Malay Peninsula,Malaya,Malaya Federation,Sabah,Sarawak
D010756 Phosphoric Acids Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES. Pyrophosphoric Acids,Acids, Phosphoric,Acids, Pyrophosphoric
D003116 Color The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light. Colors
D004852 Epoxy Compounds Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS. Epoxide,Epoxides,Epoxy Compound,Oxiranes,Compound, Epoxy,Compounds, Epoxy
D004952 Esters Compounds derived from organic or inorganic acids in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an –O-alkyl or another organic group. They can be represented by the structure formula RCOOR’ and are usually formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water. Ester
D005525 Food-Processing Industry The productive enterprises concerned with food processing. Industry, Food-Processing,Food Processing Industry,Food-Processing Industries,Industries, Food-Processing,Industry, Food Processing
D000073878 Palm Oil Nutritive oil extracted from the fleshy mesocarp of the fruit of the African palm tree, Elaeis guineensis. Palmolein,Oil, Palm
D000517 alpha-Chlorohydrin A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents. alpha-Chlorhydrin,3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol,3-Chloropropanediol,3-MCPD,3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol,Glycerol alpha-Monochlorohydrin,U-5897,3 Chloro 1,2 propanediol,3 Chloropropanediol,3 Monochloropropane 1,2 diol,Glycerol alpha Monochlorohydrin,U 5897,U5897,alpha Chlorhydrin,alpha Chlorohydrin,alpha-Monochlorohydrin, Glycerol
D013696 Temperature The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms. Temperatures

Related Publications

Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Preliminary Large Scale Mitigation of 3-Monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Palm Oil.
August 2020, Journal of oleo science,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Changes in 3-MCPD esters, glycidyl esters, bioactive compounds and oxidation indexes during kenaf seed oil refining.
June 2018, Food science and biotechnology,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil.
March 2020, Food chemistry,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Chemical refining methods effectively mitigate 2-MCPD esters, 3-MCPD esters, and glycidyl esters formation in refined vegetable oils.
June 2022, Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.),
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation.
April 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Mitigation Strategies for the Reduction of 2- and 3-MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters in the Vegetable Oil Processing Industry.
March 2019, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Effects of deodorization temperature and time on the formation of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and glycidyl esters and physicochemical changes of palm oil.
July 2020, Journal of food science,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Determination of process contaminants 2- and 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in palm-based glycerol by indirect analysis using GC-MS.
October 2023, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Multivariate modelling analysis for prediction of glycidyl esters and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) formation in periodically heated palm oil.
October 2023, Heliyon,
Biow Ing Sim, and Yih Phing Khor, and Oi Ming Lai, and Chee Beng Yeoh, and Yong Wang, and Yuanfa Liu, and Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan
Verification and evaluation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in palm oil products of different regions in Malaysia.
November 2019, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment,
Copied contents to your clipboard!