Understanding the chemistry of the artificial electron acceptors PES, PMS, DCPIP and Wurster's Blue in methanol dehydrogenase assays. 2020

Bérénice Jahn, and Niko S W Jonasson, and Hurina Hu, and Helena Singer, and Arjan Pol, and Nathan M Good, and Huub J M Op den Camp, and N Cecilia Martinez-Gomez, and Lena J Daumann
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.

Methanol dehydrogenases (MDH) have recently taken the spotlight with the discovery that a large portion of these enzymes in nature utilize lanthanides in their active sites. The kinetic parameters of these enzymes are determined with a spectrophotometric assay first described by Anthony and Zatman 55 years ago. This artificial assay uses alkylated phenazines, such as phenazine ethosulfate (PES) or phenazine methosulfate (PMS), as primary electron acceptors (EAs) and the electron transfer is further coupled to a dye. However, many groups have reported problems concerning the bleaching of the assay mixture in the absence of MDH and the reproducibility of those assays. Hence, the comparison of kinetic data among MDH enzymes of different species is often cumbersome. Using mass spectrometry, UV-Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we show that the side reactions of the assay mixture are mainly due to the degradation of assay components. Light-induced demethylation (yielding formaldehyde and phenazine in the case of PMS) or oxidation of PES or PMS as well as a reaction with assay components (ammonia, cyanide) can occur. We suggest here a protocol to avoid these side reactions. Further, we describe a modified synthesis protocol for obtaining the alternative electron acceptor, Wurster's blue (WB), which serves both as EA and dye. The investigation of two lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenases from Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 and Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV with WB, along with handling recommendations, is presented. Lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenases. Understanding the chemistry of artificial electron acceptors and redox dyes can yield more reproducible results.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008773 Methylphenazonium Methosulfate Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE. Phenazine Methosulfate,5-Methylphenazinium Methyl Sulfate,5 Methylphenazinium Methyl Sulfate,Methosulfate, Methylphenazonium,Methosulfate, Phenazine,Methyl Sulfate, 5-Methylphenazinium,Sulfate, 5-Methylphenazinium Methyl
D010619 Phenazines
D004583 Electrons Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS. Fast Electrons,Negatrons,Positrons,Electron,Electron, Fast,Electrons, Fast,Fast Electron,Negatron,Positron
D000429 Alcohol Oxidoreductases A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99). Carbonyl Reductase,Ketone Reductase,Carbonyl Reductases,Ketone Reductases,Oxidoreductases, Alcohol,Reductase, Carbonyl,Reductase, Ketone,Reductases, Carbonyl,Reductases, Ketone
D013772 Tetramethylphenylenediamine Used in the form of the hydrochloride as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. Wurster Blue,Wurster's Blue,Wurster's Reagent,Blue, Wurster,Blue, Wurster's,Reagent, Wurster's,Wurster Reagent,Wursters Blue,Wursters Reagent
D015086 2,6-Dichloroindophenol A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C. 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol,Sodium 2,6-Dichloroindophenol,Tillmans' Reagent,2,6 Dichloroindophenol,2,6-Dichlorobenzenoneindophenol Dye,Dichlorophenol Indophenol,Dichlorophenolindophenol,Tillmans Reagent,2,6 Dichlorobenzenoneindophenol Dye,2,6 Dichlorophenolindophenol,2,6-Dichloroindophenol, Sodium,Dichloroindophenol, 2,6,Dye, 2,6-Dichlorobenzenoneindophenol,Indophenol, Dichlorophenol,Reagent, Tillmans,Reagent, Tillmans',Sodium 2,6 Dichloroindophenol,Tillman Reagent,Tillman's Reagent
D015394 Molecular Structure The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. Structure, Molecular,Molecular Structures,Structures, Molecular
D061327 Verrucomicrobia A phylum of gram-negative bacteria containing seven class-level groups from a wide variety of environments. Most members are chemoheterotrophs.
D020601 Methylobacterium extorquens A species of METHYLOBACTERIUM which can utilize acetate, ethanol, or methylamine as a sole carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

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