OBJECTIVE Introduction: In Ukraine more than half of deaths have been caused by cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). Among the able-bodied population, the share of CVD in the structure of causes of mortality is 29,9%. In the structure of causes of mortality among the persons of retirement age, CVDs accounted for 75,9% and exceeded the proportion of neoplasms in 6,5 times. The aim is to analyze of morbidity and mortality rates of diseases of the CVD among the population of Ukraine and Poltava region, to conduct a comparative analysis of data to identify possible ways to improve the situation. METHODS Materials and methods: A retrospective study of morbidity and mortality rates by age, gender and cause (2014-2018) was conducted and the statistical method was used to analyze dynamic (time) series. RESULTS Review: An analysis of the dynamics of population mortality indicates significant fluctuations in it`s levels over ten years. At the same time, by the method of alignment of the dynamic series, a tendency to a slight decrease in the mortality rate of the population from 17,1‰ to 16,9 ‰ was established. The mortality of the population of Ukraine in 2018 from diseases of the circulatory system was 1000,8 per 100 thousand people. Data on mortality rate in the Poltava region significantly higher than those in Ukraine. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: The age structure of the population of Poltava region belongs to the regressive type. The mortality rate among the population of Poltava region is slightly decreasing but remains at a very high level (16,9 ‰). In the structure of causes of death, diseases of the circulatory system are at the first place (70,8%), the second place belongs to neoplasm (13,5%), and third are the external causes of death (4,8%).