BACKGROUND Wu-Mei-Wan, a classic traditional Chinese herb medicine, is one of the most important formulations to treat digestive diseases from ancient times to the present. Our previous study showed that WMW treatment can prevent T2DM in db/db mice, which motivating the application of WMW on metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE Obesity and its comorbid diseases have increased dramatically and are now a worldwide health problem. There is still a lack of satisfactory treatment strategies for obesity. This work was designed to assess the effect and related mechanism of WMW on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice model. METHODS Obese mice were induced by HFD. Thetherapeutic effect of WMW were analyzed by examining body and adipose tissue weight, metabolic profile and energy expenditure. Adipose tissue phenotype was determined by histological staining and the mitochondrial content was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate expression of key molecules in adipose tissue. RESULTS WMW treatment significantly protects HFD-induced obesity. Here we showed that WMW limits weight gain, improves metabolic profile and increases energy expenditure. WMW inhibits the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipocytes, the mechanism involving the inhibition of TLR3/IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 pathway. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), WMW promotes thermogenicprogramme without affecting cell proliferation. The activated BMP7/ Smad1/5/9 pathway is considered to be one of the explanations for the effect of WMW on BAT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that WMW can prevent obesity and its underlying mechanisms are associated with reducing white adipose tissue and enhancing brown adipose tissue function.