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Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. 2017
, and
Helle Katrine Knutsen, and
Jan Alexander, and
Lars Barregård, and
Margherita Bignami, and
Beat Brüschweiler, and
Sandra Ceccatelli, and
Bruce Cottrill, and
Michael Dinovi, and
Bettina Grasl-Kraupp, and
Christer Hogstrand, and
Laurentius Ron Hoogenboom, and
Carlo Stefano Nebbia, and
Isabelle P Oswald, and
Annette Petersen, and
Martin Rose, and
Alain-Claude Roudot, and
Tanja Schwerdtle, and
Christiane Vleminckx, and
Günter Vollmer, and
Heather Wallace, and
Sarah De Saeger, and
Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen, and
Peter Farmer, and
Jean-Marc Fremy, and
Yun Yun Gong, and
Karsten Meyer, and
Hanspeter Naegeli, and
Dominique Parent-Massin, and
Ivonne Rietjens, and
Hans van Egmond, and
Andrea Altieri, and
Mari Eskola, and
Petra Gergelova, and
Luisa Ramos Bordajandi, and
Bistra Benkova, and
Barbara Dörr, and
Athanasios Gkrillas, and
Nicklas Gustavsson, and
Mathijs van Manen, and
Lutz Edler
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurring predominantly in cereal grains. Following the request of the European Commission, the CONTAM Panel assessed the risk to animal and human health related to DON, 3-acetyl-DON (3-Ac-DON), 15-acetyl-DON (15-Ac-DON) and DON-3-glucoside in food and feed. A total of 27,537, 13,892, 7,270 and 2,266 analytical data for DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside, respectively, in food, feed and unprocessed grains collected from 2007 to 2014 were used. For human exposure, grains and grain-based products were main sources, whereas in farm and companion animals, cereal grains, cereal by-products and forage maize contributed most. DON is rapidly absorbed, distributed, and excreted. Since 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON are largely deacetylated and DON-3-glucoside cleaved in the intestines the same toxic effects as DON can be expected. The TDI of 1 μg/kg bw per day, that was established for DON based on reduced body weight gain in mice, was therefore used as a group-TDI for the sum of DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside. In order to assess acute human health risk, epidemiological data from mycotoxicoses were assessed and a group-ARfD of 8 μg/kg bw per eating occasion was calculated. Estimates of acute dietary exposures were below this dose and did not raise a health concern in humans. The estimated mean chronic dietary exposure was above the group-TDI in infants, toddlers and other children, and at high exposure also in adolescents and adults, indicating a potential health concern. Based on estimated mean dietary concentrations in ruminants, poultry, rabbits, dogs and cats, most farmed fish species and horses, adverse effects are not expected. At the high dietary concentrations, there is a potential risk for chronic adverse effects in pigs and fish and for acute adverse effects in cats and farmed mink.
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