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African swine fever in wild boar. 2018
, and
Simon More, and
Miguel Angel Miranda, and
Dominique Bicout, and
Anette Bøtner, and
Andrew Butterworth, and
Paolo Calistri, and
Sandra Edwards, and
Bruno Garin-Bastuji, and
Margaret Good, and
Virginie Michel, and
Mohan Raj, and
Søren Saxmose Nielsen, and
Liisa Sihvonen, and
Hans Spoolder, and
Jan Arend Stegeman, and
Antonio Velarde, and
Preben Willeberg, and
Christoph Winckler, and
Klaus Depner, and
Vittorio Guberti, and
Marius Masiulis, and
Edvins Olsevskis, and
Petr Satran, and
Mihaela Spiridon, and
Hans-Hermann Thulke, and
Arvo Vilrop, and
Grzegorz Wozniakowski, and
Andrea Bau, and
Alessandro Broglia, and
José Cortiñas Abrahantes, and
Sofie Dhollander, and
Andrey Gogin, and
Irene Muñoz Gajardo, and
Frank Verdonck, and
Laura Amato, and
Christian Gortázar Schmidt
The European Commission requested EFSA to compare the reliability of wild boar density estimates across the EU and to provide guidance to improve data collection methods. Currently, the only EU-wide available data are hunting data. Their collection methods should be harmonised to be comparable and to improve predictive models for wild boar density. These models could be validated by more precise density data, collected at local level e.g. by camera trapping. Based on practical and theoretical considerations, it is currently not possible to establish wild boar density thresholds that do not allow sustaining African swine fever (ASF). There are many drivers determining if ASF can be sustained or not, including heterogeneous population structures and human-mediated spread and there are still unknowns on the importance of different transmission modes in the epidemiology. Based on extensive literature reviews and observations from affected Member States, the efficacy of different wild boar population reduction and separation methods is evaluated. Different wild boar management strategies at different stages of the epidemic are suggested. Preventive measures to reduce and stabilise wild boar density, before ASF introduction, will be beneficial both in reducing the probability of exposure of the population to ASF and the efforts needed for potential emergency actions (i.e. less carcass removal) if an ASF incursion were to occur. Passive surveillance is the most effective and efficient method of surveillance for early detection of ASF in free areas. Following focal ASF introduction, the wild boar populations should be kept undisturbed for a short period (e.g. hunting ban on all species, leave crops unharvested to provide food and shelter within the affected area) and drastic reduction of the wild boar population may be performed only ahead of the ASF advance front, in the free populations. Following the decline in the epidemic, as demonstrated through passive surveillance, active population management should be reconsidered.
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